Chapter 10 Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood Flashcards
bullying
a complex form of aggression in which a bully routinely aggresses against one or more habitual victims
moral realism stage
the first of Piaget’s stages of moral development, in which children believe rules are inflexible
moral relativism stage
the second of Piaget’s stages of moral development, in which children understand that many rules can be changed through social agreement
psychological self
an understanding of one’s stable, internal traits
reciprocal determinism
Bandura’s model in which personal, behavioral, and environmental factors interact to influence personality development.
relational aggression
aggression aimed at damaging another person’s self-esteem or peer relationships, such as by ostracism or threats of ostracism, cruel gossiping, or facial expressions of disdain
retaliatory aggression
aggression to get back at someone who has hurt you
self-care children
children who are at home by themselves after school for an hour or more each day
self-efficacy
belief in one’s capacity to cause an intended event to occur or to perform a task
self-esteem
a global evaluation of one’s own worth
self-regulation
children’s ability to conform to parental standards of behavior without direct supervision
social comparisons
the process of drawing conclusions about the self based on comparisons to others
social status
an individual child’s classification as popular, rejected, or neglected
trait
a stable pattern of responding to situations
