Chapter 12 - Running Water, Streams and Rivers

Question 1

For sediment being transported by running water; where is the flow velocity the highest? What particles do you find at what heights?

Answer 1

At the surface, but gravel and sand-size particles are too large to be lifted from from the streambed so they make up the bed load(bottom) , whereas silt and clay are in the suspended load(closer to the top)

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE: Sand grians and gravel are at the top of a stream bed

Answer 2

FALSE
the larger the grain size, the larger the stream velocity is needed to move the grains. Sand and gravel - sized particles are near the bottom in the BED LOAD, and silt and clay are in the SUSPENDED LOAD (very small grains)

Question 3

Define abration; where does it occur?

Answer 3

Abrasion is the mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport by wind, glacier, waves, gravity, running water or erosion. (in this case running water)
-it occurs on the bed load (base of the flowing stream) – leads to abrasion (the rounding of grains)

Question 4

What happens where there is a barrier in a stream current?

Answer 4

If there is a barrier, grains get blocked and get caught up by the barrier. This is blocked until the downstream is filled up with water of the same level as the barrier, so then the grains just over-flow the barrier.

Question 5

What is turbulence depending on (wrt streams). Where is it the highest?

Answer 5

On flow velocity. Turbulence/Flow velocity is the fastest on the inner side of the loop, and slowest on the outer side of the loop.

Question 6

How do you get point bar deposits?

Answer 6

In the inner side of the loop of a stream, velocity is fastest. Deposit forms by accretion on the inner side of this loop (creates things like beaches)

Question 7

What is a flood plane?

Answer 7

When streams and rivers periodically receive more water than their channels can handle, so they overflow their banks and spread across adjacent, low lying flat FLOODPLAINS.

Question 8

What is a fluvial deposit?

Answer 8

Anything from river. Fluvial deposits are deposits from river

Question 9

What can we trap with fluvial deposits?

Answer 9

Oil and gas

Question 10

Paleontology of Alberta during early cretaceous; cretaceous era

Answer 10

there was a sea in northern part of Alberta (where fort mac is now)

Question 11

Paleontology of Alberta during Devonian era

Answer 11

there was a land surface before the deposition of everything else, then layers of sediments get layered. Transgression surfaces of erosion (inclined geological units)

Question 12

What is a gap in deposition In alberta?

Answer 12

An area that’s essentially drenched in tar and stuff. Just layers and layers of rocks, then some oil and tar inside the oil.