Chapter 12- Probation/Intermediate Sanctions

Question 1

What are considered to be community corrections?

Answer 1

-Probation and intermediate sanctions
-Known as least restrictive punishment

Question 2

What is community correction?

Answer 2

The individual remains in the community and is punished with sanctions (ex: paying a fine, community service, probation)

Question 3

What’s the purpose of community corrections?

Answer 3

-Removes issue of integration
-Cheaper
-Recidivism rates don’t seem to be high when someone is sanction to community corrections

Question 4

What is probation?

Answer 4

The conditional release of an misdeameanor offender (curfew, rehab, etc.)

Question 5

What is recidivism?

Answer 5

The return to criminal behavior

Question 6

How many people are on probation?

Answer 6

Over 4 million people

Question 7

What are the two way probation ends?

Answer 7

The probation period is served all the way or the probation period is violated and revoked

Question 8

What was Gagnon v. Scarpelli (1973) about?

Answer 8

Gives due process to someone who was about to have their probation revoked
-Have to show that there’s enough evidence to revoke probation
-Decision on whether or not probation is revoked

Question 9

What is net widening?

Answer 9

Expanding how many people we are supervising

Question 10

Who created probation?

Answer 10

John Augustus in 1841; Created under the theme of moral leadership or second chance

Question 11

How has probation evolved over time?

Answer 11

Rehab (1940s) –> Social services: help finding jobs, housing, help with finances, education (1960s) –> Risk management: the amount of risk an offender poses determine how restrictive their probation is (1970s)

Question 12

How is probation in Maryland?

Answer 12

-Recent law allows non-violent offenders to reduce 2/3 supervised time (if they are on good behavior) (Every 30 days served well = 20 day reduction)
-Doesn’t apply to violent offenders, sex offenders, or certain drug offenders

Question 13

How strict are intermediate sanctions compared to jail and probation?

Answer 13

More strict than probation; Not as strict as jail

Question 14

In the continuum of intermediate sanction model, what are some low control punishments?

Answer 14

Fines/restitution, community service, drug/alcohol treatment, probation, home confinement, intensive probation supervision

Question 15

In the continuum of intermediate sanction model, what are some high control punishments?

Answer 15

Boot camp, shock incarceration, jail

Question 16

What was Morrisey v Brewer (1972) about?

Answer 16

It determined if probable cause was enough to revoke parole and if the violate is strong enough to revoke parole (ex: missing curfew)