Chapter 10- Corrections Flashcards
What is the difference between jails and prisons?
-Jails are for misdemeanors
-Prisons are for felonies
What’s the difference between the Pennsylvania system vs. the New York system?
-Pennsylvania system: Had separate confinement for 23 hours a day
-New York system: Had solitary confinement only at night
What is the Elmira reformatory?
-First reformatory in Elmira, NY, in 1876 which was meant for younger offenders (age 16-30).
-Used methods of treatment such as reform and rehabilitation
-Incorporated the mark system
What is the mark system?
-A point system that can reduce a prisoner’s sentence through good behavior, labor, education achievement
-Similar to good time, probation/parole
What is Enlightenment? How is it related to corrections?
-A movement/period during the 18th century which concepts of liberalism, rationalism, equality and individualism dominated social and political thinking
-Reformers began to raise questions about the nature of criminal behavior and their punishments (physical punishments before 1800)
What is the rehabilitation model?
-Used treatment such as reform and rehab (criminals seen as “sick)
-Also known as medical model
Name the three models of corrections.
Rehabilitation, community, crime control
What is the crime control model?
Used strict methods to control crime (harsh punishments)
What is the community model?
Focused on integration; helping former convicts find jobs and remain connected to their families and the community
About what percent of prisoners are women?
Between 7 to 8%
What led to the growth of women in prison?
The war on drugs (women’s growth rate is greater than men)
Who was first to press for changes in women’s prisons?
Elizabeth Gurney
What were the three things that were called for change in women’s prisons?
-Separation from men
-Meet the needs of women
-Female staff
What is the difference between the federal bureau of prisons and the state corrections
-Federal bureau of prisons: (Centralized) Controlled by the federal government
State corrections: (decentralized) Varies by stat how they organize corrections
What is the hands off policy?
Prior to 1960, courts had little/nothing to do with prisoners’ rights
What court cases involved the hands of policy? (hint: there are 5)
-Cooper v. Pate (1964)
-Hudson v. Palmer (1984)
-Wolff v. McDonnell (1974)
-Lee v. Washington (1968)
-Johnson v. California (2005)
What was Cooper v. Pate (1964) about?
Ended hands-off policy; inmates could sue if civil rights were violated (housing, brutality, etc.)
What was Hudson v. Palmer (1984) about?
4th Amendment right for prisoners; Guards could search prison cells at any time without reason
What was Wolff v. McDonnell (1974) about?
Ruled inmates have the right to due process (alert as to why they’re being punished/what they’re being punished for, right to a trial, etc.)
What was Lee v. Washington (1968) about?
Racial discrimination can’t be an official policy
What was Johnson v. California (2005) about?
Racial segregation can be justified in special circumstances to prevent violence and victimization
Explain the correction policy trends during war on crime (1970)
-Probation: 4 million people
-Prisons and Jails: Over 2 million incarcerated
-Parole: 850,000 people
