Chapter 12/ Operating System Basices Flashcards
*Operating System OS
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An operating system or OS is a software that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless.
*Application
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application, an app, software application or software program is the most common software on the computer that performs a special function or task. For example, Microsoft Word is a word processor program that allows users to create and write documents and the browser you are using to view this page is a program. Without programs, a computer would still work with the operating system, but you would not be able to do anything.
*Driver
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specific software written for the purpose of instructing a particulate OS on how to access a piece of a hardware. like printers, modems
*Open source
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OS can be freely modified by anyone, allowing users or organizations to adjust the program’s functionality to perform for their specific needs.
*closed source or proprietary.
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OS can only be modified by an owner or a developer.
*Shell
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A shell is a software interface that’s often a command line interface that enables the user to interact with the computer.
Shall makes OS easier to use.
*Graphical user interface GUI
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a GUI (pronounced as either G-U-I or gooey) allows the use of icons or other visual indicators to interact with electronic devices; rather than using only text via the command line.
*Network
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network, a net is a collection of computers connected to each other. Today, the term net is used to describe the Internet.
*Cooperative multitasking
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Cooperative multitasking is a form of multitasking where the programs in the background can only process data when the program in the foreground is doing nothing.
preemptive multitasking
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is a form of multitasking that enables a computer operating system to switch between computer software programs. Preemptive multitasking helps prevent a program from taking complete control of the computer processor and allows multiple programs to continue to operate without crashing or freezing.
*Multithreading.
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one program run multitask with the CPU
It give us fast result because the program is doing many things.
My recent document lists how many recent open data files
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15
Minimum system requirements
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Before installing an OS their are four things to take in consideration:
- Determine hardware capability and minimum requirements
- determine installation options
- determining the installation options.
- preparing the computer for installing
Determine hardware capability and minimum requirements
what do you need to check before installing any version of Windows?
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check the Hardware Compatibility List, HCL is a listing of software that is compatible with Microsoft operating systems
Window vista has bars
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Taskbar and sidebar
Windows Desktop Gadgets
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Formerly known as the Windows Sidebar in Windows Vista, Windows Desktop Gadgets in Windows 7 allows you to add additional features to your Windows Desktop. For example, a Gadget could show your favorite stock quotes, today’s weather, calculator, puzzles, random pictures, and much more.
where do you find the help and support command.
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it is placed in the start menu for easy access.
what is a quick way to access help
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press F1
The Run command
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The Run box enables the user to open a program by name if found in the Windows directory or start any file by typing in the full path.
tow ways to open CMD commends
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from the start menu, by typing CMD into the search????
typing CMD in the Run Box
in window XP what dose the stand By option for turn off computer command do?
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turn off the monitor and the hard drive, and the computer uses less power, if you press any key on the key board the computer will resume working, in this case if we lose the power all the information are lost because they were not saved on the hard drive, they were only on the memory.
sleep it is an option from the turn off computer command, this command is only for Window vista/7.
581
with this option the computer monitor and hard drive are turned off, the computer uses less power in this case we say that the computer is in Hibernation. the information are saved.
for window XP we can do Hibernation by holding the Shift key while clicking on the Stand by, so our information will be saved
The basic elements of a window
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control box minimize and maximize/Restore buttons close batten title bar menu bar Active window Border
stat of window: when a window is launched it exists in three states
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Maximized: the window take the full screen
Restored: the window take some of the screen
Minimized: the window are representing by nothing but an icon and a title on the
restore point
591
When referring to Microsoft Windows XP, vista and 7 a restore point is a specific date and time the system settings were backed up. These points make restoring Windows back to an earlier copy easy and can often get the computer working how it was when they were made.
Restore points are created on three ways:
- Window created them automatically by default
- manually
- during the installation of new programs.
when is it good to do restore
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when a window fails to boot the computer up
how to open system restore
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click start- All programs- Accessories- system-tools-system restore in window 7.
how do you open a safe mode
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To get into the Windows Vista and Windows 7 Safe Mode, as the computer is booting, press and hold your “F8 Key”, which should bring up the “Choose Advanced Options” screen as shown below. Use your arrow keys to move to “Safe Mode” and press your Enter key.
File Management
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is a method of organizing and retrieving files that a computer use. the computer use medium such as a hard drive. File systems usually consist of files separated into groups called directories. Directories also known as folders can contain files or additional directories. Today, the most commonly used file system with Windows is NTFS.
rules for creating files in windows
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file-name of up to 255 characters
certain characters are not used ( ? / ) in the file name their are reserved for other uses
a file extinction 3 yo 4 characters is added to identify the file name.
file name are not case sensitive you can use upper or lower case
where is the back slash used
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it is used to separate the file name from the directories.
what are periods used for
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it is used to separate the file name from the extinction.
in window 3.x and DOS
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the file name is 8 characters and the extinction is 3 characters, they call 8.3 file - naming convention.
a root directory is
is the first thing that the file name start with
gadgets there are 8 in window 7
Some of the gadgets that were available in Windows Vista are unavailable in Windows 7. Gadgets that come with Windows 7 include Calendar, Clock, Weather, Feed Headlines, Slide Show, and Picture Puzzle.
