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Paramedic Practice Today > Chapter 12 Med.'s-name, class, actions > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Med.'s-name, class, actions Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine

A 
Class: Antiarrhythmic
Actions: Slow AV conduction
Indications: 
1. PSVT
 2. Wide complex Tach's of uncertain type refractory to Lidocaine
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2
Q

Activated Charcoal

A 
Class: Adsorbent 
Actions: Adsorbs toxins by binding to them to prevent absorption 
Indications:
1. Poisoning following emesis
 2.Emesis contraindicated
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3
Q

Metaproterenol (Alupent)

A 
Class: Sympathomimetic (Beta 2 selective)
Action: 
1. Bronchodilation 
2. Increases heart rate
Indications: 
1. Asthma 
2. Bronchospasm with COPD
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4
Q

Aminophylline

A 
Class: Xanthine bronchodilator
Actions: 
1. Smooth muscle relaxent: Bronchodilation & Vasodilation indirectly results in increased coronary blood flow 
2. increased diaphragmatic constrictions 
3. Mild diuresis
 4. increased cardiac output, chronotropic & inotropic 
5. stimulates resp. drive 
6. CNS stimulant
Indications: 
1. Acute Asthma 
2. Decompensated COPD
 3. CHF 
4. Pulmonary edema 
5. Bronchoconstriction in anaphylaxis
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5
Q

Aspirin

A

Class: platelet inhibitor/ antiinflammatory
Actions: Blocks platelet aggregation
Indications: acute chest pain suggestive of MI

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6
Q

Atropine

A

Class: Parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)
Actions:
1.Blocks acetylcholine receptors (decreases parasympathetic tone and thus increases heart rate)
2. Decreases gastrointestinal secretios
Indications:
1. Symptomatic bradycardia (PVC’s, Hypotension, or decreased LOC)
2. Asystole & symptomatic heart blocks
3. Organophosphate poisoning

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7
Q

Ipratopium Bromide

A 
Class: Anticholinergic (parasympatholytic)
Action: 
1.Bronchodilation
2. Dries respiratory tract secretions
Indications:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Bronchospasm associated with COPD
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8
Q

Terbutaline

A 
Class: Sympathomimetic (adrenergic) & tocolytic
Actions: 
1. Beta 2 selective: bronchodilator
2. Beta 1 Chronotropic 
3. Relaxes Uterine Muscles to suppress contractions
Indications:
1. Bronchial Asthma 
2. Bronchospasm with COPD
3. Preterm labor
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9
Q

Calcium Chloride 10%

A 
Class: Electrlyte
Actions: Increases cardiac contractility
Indications: 
1. acute hyperkalemia
2. acute hypocalcemia
3. calcium channel blocker overdose
4. antidote to madnesium sulfate OD
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10
Q

Diltiazem (cardizem)

A

Class: calcium channel blocker
Actions:
1. Vascular dialation
2. slows conduction through AV node
3. Slows rapid Ventricular rate associated with A-Fib and A-Flutter
4. Dilates coronary arteries (negative inotrope)
Indications:
1. Rapid Ventricular Rates in: A-fib and A- flutter
PSVT refractory to Adenosine
2. Angina

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11
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class: III antiarrhythmic
Action: prolongs action potential duration in all cardiac tissues
Indications:
1. pulseless VT & V-Fib
2. Tachycardias refractory to digoxin
3. Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
4. Wide complex tachycardias of unknown etiology

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12
Q

Diazepam (Valium)

A 
Class: Sedative hypnotic
Action: 
1. Anticonvulsant
2. Skeletal muscle relaxant
3. Sedative
4. General CNS depressant
Indications:
1. Generalized seizures
2. Statues epilepticus
3. Premedication
4. Skeletal muscle relaxent
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13
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A 
Class: Anticonvulsant
Action: 
1. Decreases neuron excitability thru increasing sodium efflux from neurons
Indications: 
1. Status Epilepticus
2. Digitalis induced dysrhythmias
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14
Q

Digitalis (lanoxin or digoxin)

A 
Class: Cardiac Glycoside
Actions: 
1. increases cardiac contractile force
2. increases cardiac output
3. reduces edema associated with CHF
4. Slows AV junction
Indications:
1.CHF
2. Rapid A-fib & A- flutter
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15
Q

Diphenhydramine (benadryl)

A 
Class: antihistamine
Actions: 
1. Blocks histamine receptors
2. Has some sedative effects
Indications: 
1. Anaphylaxis in conjunction with Epi
2. Allergic reactions
3. Dystonic reactions (extrapyramidal effects: uncontrolled muscle twitching) due to Phenothiazines (Thorazine, compazine, antipsychotics, narcotic potentiators and antiemetics)
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16
Q

50% Dextrose

A 
Class: Carbohydrate
Action: elevates blood glucose level
Indications: 
1. hypoglycemia
2. Coma of unknown origin
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17
Q

Dopamine (Intropin)

A

Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions:
1. Increases cardiac contractility
2. Causes peripheral vasoconstriction
3. Increase chronotropic and inotropic effects
4. dilation of mesentaeric & renal arteries promoting urination (reason why Dop. is preferred over NorEpi)
5. Low does action 10mcg/kg/min Alpha Effects
Indications
1.Cardiogenic shock
2. Hypovolemic shock refractory to fluid resuscitation
3. Hypotensin secondary to bradycardia post resuscitation

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18
Q

Epinephrine 1:1000

A 
Class: Sympathomimetic
Action: 
1. Alpha: vasoconstriction: improves coronary blood flow and supports BP in anaphylactic shock
2. Beta 1: inotropic and chronotropic effects
3. Beta 2: Bronchodilation
Indications:
1. Bronchial asthma
2. Exacerbation of COPD
3. Allergic reaction
19
Q

Epinephrine 1: 10,000

A

Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions:
1. Alpha: vasoconstriction: improves coronary blood flow and supports BP in anaphylactic shock
2. Beta 1: chronotropic effects, lowers defibrillation threshold, inotropic effects: increase myocardial contractility
3. Beta 2: Bronchodilation

20
Q

Etomidate (amidate)

A

Class: Benzodiazepine (sedative/ Hypnotic)
Action:
1. Rapid induction of anesthesia with minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects
2. does not cause histamine release as do other barbiturates On set:10-20 sec Duration: 3-5 mins
Indications: RSI

21
Q

Fentanyl (sublimaze)

A 
Class: Narcotic analgesic
Action: 
1. CNS depressant
2. Decreases sensitivity to pain
Indications: 
1. Acute pain
2. Premedication for RSI
22
Q

Furosemide (lasix)

A 
Class: Diuretic
Action: 
1. Inhibits reabsorbtion of NaCl
2. Promotes promt diuresis
3. Vasodilation
Indications: 
1.CHF
2. Pulmonary edema
23
Q

Glucose

A 
Class: Carbohydrate
Action: Increases blood sugar levels
Indications: 
1. Altered mental status
2. History of diabetes controlled by medication
24
Q

Glucagon

A 
Class: Hormone (antihypoglycemic agent)
Action:
1. causes breakdown of glycogen to glucose
2. inhibits glycogen synthesis
3. elevates blood glucose level 
4. increases cardiac contractility force
5. increases heart rate
Indications: hypoglycemia
25
Q

Lidocaine

A 
Class: IB Antiarrhythmic
Action: 
1. suppress ventricular ectopy
2. increase ventricular force threshold
3. reduce electrical impulse through heart
Indications:
1. Malignant PVC's
-a. >6/min 
b. MI
c. Couplets/Salvos or runs of VT
d. R-on-T phenomenon
e. Multifocal
f. Symptomatic
2. VT, VF
3. Wide complex tachycardias of unknown origin
26
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A 
Class: Anticonvulsant
Actions: 
1. CNS depressant 
2. Anticonvulsant
3. stabalize muscle cell membrane by interacting with Na/K pumps
4. Smooth muscle relaxent (vaso & bronchodilation)
Indications:
1. Eclampsia (toxemia of Pregnancy)
2. Torsades de Pointes 
3. Severe refractory pulsess VF/VT
4. Post MI for postphylaxia of arrhythmias
5. Management of acute asthma attacks
27
Q

Racemic Epi (Phenylephrin Hydrochloride)

A

Class: Sympathomimetic (adrenergic)
Actions:
1. Beta 2: bronchodilation: PRIMARY
2. Beta 1: Positive Chronotrope& Inotrope
Indications: Croup (laryngothracheobronchitis)

28
Q

Morphine Sulfate

A 
Class: Narcotic (opiate)
Actions: 
1. CNS depressant
2. Analgesic
4. Decrease myocardial O2 demand 
Indications: 
1. severe pain
2. Pulmonary edema
29
Q

Naloxone (narcan)

A

Class: Narcotic Antagonist (Opiate)
Actions: Reverses effects of narcotics by competing for opiate receptors
Indications:
1. Narcotic overdoses including: Morphine, Methadone, Dilaudid, Herion, Fentanyl, Demerol, Paregoric, Percodan, Tylox, Nubain, Stadol, Talwin, and Darvon
2. alcoholic coma
3. To rule out narcotic in coma of unknown origin

30
Q

Nitroglycerin

A 
Class: Antianginal
Actions: 
1. Smooth muscle relaxant
2. reduces cardiac work
3. Dilates coronary arteries
4. Dilates systemic arteries
Indications: 
1. Angina pectoris 
2. Chest pain associated with MI
3. Hypertension (Sys. >200 OR Dias >100)
4. CHF
31
Q

Nitrous Oxide

A

Class: Gas/Analgesic
Actions: CNS depressant
Indications:
1.Musculskeletal pain especially fractures
2. Burns
3. Suspected ischemic chest pain
4. Severe anxiety including hyperventilation

32
Q

Vecuronium

A

Class: Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Actions:
1. Comperes with acetylcholine for cholinergic receptor sites on the postjunctional membrane
2. paralysis of skeleral muscles
3. Onset 1 min Duration 25-30 mins
Indications: RSI

33
Q

Norepinephrine

A 
Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions: 
1. Causes peripheral vasoconstriction
2. Alpha sympathomimetic 
3. Mild Beta effects: Increase inotropic effects
4. Increase myocardial O2 demand
Indications:
1. Hypotension refractory to other sympathomimetics
2. Neurogenic shock
3. Cardiogenic shock
34
Q

Promethazine

A 
Class: antihistamine (H1 antagonist)
Actions:
1. Mild anticholinergic activity
2. Antiemetic
3. Potentiates actions of analgesics
Indications:
1. Nausea & vomiting
2. Motion sickness
3. To potentiate the effects of analgesics 
4. Sedation
35
Q

Procainamide

A 
Class: IA antiarrhythmic
Actions: Slows conduction through myocardium by increasing electrical threshold of ventricle, Bundle of His & perkinje system
Indications: 
1. PVC's refractory to lidocaine
2. VF or VT refractory to lidocaine
3. Wide complex tachycardia
36
Q

Sodium Bicarbonate

A 
Class: Alkalinizing agent
Actions: 
1.Neutralizes excess acids
2. Increases pH
Indications:
1. Metabolic Acidosis
 a) Poisoning: Ethylene Glycol OR Tricyclics
 b) Post Resuscitation
2. Hyperkalemia
3. Promote excreation of Barbiturates 
4. Promotes excreation of myoglobin after crush injury or electrocution
5. Status asthmatics
6. Prolonged CPR
7. Severe acidosis refractory to hyperventilation
37
Q

Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol)

A 
Class: Steriod
Actions: 
1. Anti-inflammatory 
2. Suppresses immune response (allergic reactions)
Indications:
1. Severr Anaphylaxis
2. Asthma/COPD
3. Possibly effective as an adjunctive agent in the management of spinal cord injury
38
Q

Succinylcholine

A 
Class: depolarizing neuromusclar blocker
Actions: 
1. Depolarizes skeletal muscle
2. Onset: 60-90 sec
3. Duration 4-5 mins
Indications: RSI
39
Q

Thiamine (B1)

A

Class: vitamin
Actions: assists in converting glucose into energy
Indications:
1. Coma of unknown origin
2. Chronic Alcoholism with associated coma
3. Delirium tremens
4. Precursor of D50 to prevent Wernicke’s Encephalopathy (proplem with neurotransmitters in brain which results in retained altered LOC) in alcoholics
5. Beriberi (Thiamine deficiency)

40
Q

Vasopressin (ADH)

A 
Class: Anti-diuretic hormone
Actions: 
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Contraction of smooth muscles of the gut
Indications: 
1. VF/ Pulseless VT
2. Slow or stop GI bleeding
3. Diabetes insipidus
41
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A 
Class: Tranquilizer
Actions: Sedative/hypnotic
Indications: 
1. Premedication prior to cardioversion
2. Premedication prior to RSI
3. Acute anxiety states
42
Q

Lactated Ringer’s (LR)

A

Class: Isotonic Crystalloid solution
Replaces water and electrolytes
Indications: Hypovolemic shock, Burns, TKO IV

43
Q

5% Dextrose in water (D5W)

A

Class: Hypotonic dextrose- containing solution
Hypotonic, it prevents circulatory overload in patients with CHF and renal failure
Actions: provides nutrients in the form of dextrose and free water
Indications:
1. IV access for emergency drugs
2. For dilution of concentrated drugs for IV infusion

44
Q

.9% sodium chloride (normal saline)

A 
Class: Isotonic Crystalloid solution
Replaces water and electrolytes 
Indications: 
1. Heat related problems
2. Freshwater drowning
3. Hypovolemia
4. Diabetic ketoacidosis
5. TKO IV

Paramedic Practice Today (22 decks)

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