Chapter 12- Kidneys, Adrenals, Pancreas Flashcards
The hormones:
- 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
- Erythropoietin
- Renin
are all produced by the __________
kidney
ADH, RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN, PTH, and ALDOSTERONE are all important for __________ function
renal (kidney)
ADH (VASOPRESSIN) regulates the amount of __________ excreted by the __________
water
kidneys
ADH released from the pituitary monitors the amount volume of __________ going through the HYPOTHALAMUS, or monitoring the concentration of __________ in the BLOOD
blood
water
Aldosterone is secreted from which part of the adrenal gland?
zona glomerulosa
__________ are the primary target of ALDOSTERONE
kidneys
Aldosterone is important for absorption of __________ (2)
sodium
water
Aldosterone is important in the regulation of __________ (3) in the PLASMA
sodium
potassium
electrolytes
The __________ system regulates BP and FLUID BALANCE
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS)
If there is a LOSS of blood volume or BP, the __________ in the __________ sense the drop in BP or blood volume
baroreceptors
carotid sinus
The __________ cells release RENIN
juxtaglomerular
The __________ cells signal the JUXTAGLOMERULAR cells to release RENIN
macula densa (cells)
MACULA DENSA cells sense a decrease in BP, this causes a decrease in __________
glomerular filtration rate (GRF)
Elevated __________ ions stimulates the renin release in the juxtaglomerular cells
sodium chloride ions
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system causes __________ of the plasma
osmolarity
Juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys release __________ into circulation
renin
In the RAAS system, plasma renin activates the conversion of __________ from the liver to __________
angiotensinogen
angitensin I
In the RAAS system, angiotensinogen from the liver, to angiotensin I is converted to __________
angiotensin II
What converts angiotensionogen and angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the __________
lungs
__________ causes BVs to CONSTRICT in the RAAS system
angitensin II
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of __________ from the __________ in the RAAS system
aldosterone
adrenal cortex
____________ increases reabsorption of SODIUM and WATER increasing BP and fluid volume
Aldosterone
Name the ORGANS, in ORDER involved in the RAAS system
Kidney –> Liver –> Lungs –> Adrenal
The RAAS system increases filtration of the glomerular system, which brings __________ up to normal
BP
PTH works with the KIDNEY to regulate __________ (2)
calcium
phosphate
The RAAS system stimulates the release of __________
norepinephrine
When norepinephrine is released by the RAAS system, it increases __________ of the BVs, which INCREASES __________ when pressure is low
vasoconstriction
BP
Where is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) synthesized?
atrium of the heart
ANP stimulates renal excretion of SODIUM by DECREASING secretion of __________
angiotensin II
What is the PRIMARY function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)/Arginine Vasopressin?
increase renal reabsorption of water
__________ is the decreased output of ADH.
Central diabetes insipidus
Central diabetes insipidus causes excessive __________ (2)
urine output (polyuria) thirst
Central diabetes insipidus causes INCREASED __________ after compensation
aldosterone
Why does Central Diabetes Insipidus cause increased aldosterone after compensation?
BP drops and the body tries to restore it to normal
Polyuria, dilute urine, HYPOtension, and increased plasma concentration are all characteristics of __________ (2)
central diabetes insipidus
nephrogic diabetes insipidus
__________ is characterized by abnormalities of the kidneys
nephrogenic diabets insipidus
Nephrogenic diabtes insipidus causes DECREASED sensitivity to, and INCREASED secretion of __________
ADH
__________ is excessive release of ADH
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion is FLUID OVERLOAD in patients and is CAUSED BY __________ (3)
strokes
head trauma
brain tumors
Which hormones are released from the PANCREAS? (2)
insulin
glucagon
What is the LOCATION of insulin?
beta cells of the pancreas
What is the site of synthesis for GLUCAGON?
alpha cells-islets of langerhans
What is the PRIMARY function of the Pancreas?
increase blood glucose
What is the SECONDARY function of the Pancreas?
decrease plasma calcium
Which type of diabetes is known as “INSULIN DEPENDENT” diabetes and “JUVENILE ONSET” diabetes
type I diabetes
In Type I Diabetes, antibodies attack the __________
pancreas (beta cells)
In Type I Diabetes, the Pancreas in INCAPABLE of making __________
insulin
In which type of diabetes will the patient NEED INSULIN FOR LIFE?
Type I diabetes
Which type of diabetes is known as “NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT” diabetes or “ADULT ONSET” diabetes?
Type II diabetes
In __________ diabetes, the patients CAN STILL MAKE INSULIN
Type II (diabetes)
In __________ diabetes, the body LACKS SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN
Type II (diabetes)
