Chapter 12 Key Terms

Question 1

Aqueous Solution

Answer 1

Solution with water as a solvent

Question 2

Boiling Point Elevation

Answer 2

When a solute causes a solution to have higher boiling point than solution

Question 3

Colligative property

Answer 3

Property that depends on amount of solute but not the type of solute

Question 4

Colloidal Dispersion

Answer 4

Mixture in which dispersed substance is divided bt not truly dissolved

Question 5

Concentrated Solution

Answer 5

Solution that contains large amount of solute

Question 6

Dilute solution

Answer 6

Solution with a small amount of relative solute

Question 7

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 7

Point at which the rate of the reverse reaction equals the rate of the positive reaction

Question 8

Entropy

Answer 8

Measure of the energy randomization of a system

Question 9

Freezing Point Depression

Answer 9

Effect of a solute that causes solution to freeze at a lower T than the solute

Question 10

Heat of Hydration

Answer 10

Enthalpy change when 1 mol of gaseous solute ions dissolves in water

Question 11

Henry’s Law

Answer 11

Equation expressing relationship between gas solubility and pressure

Question 12

Ideal Solution

Answer 12

Solution following Raoult’s law at all concentrations

Question 13

Miscible

Answer 13

Ability of two or more substances to be soluble in one another

Question 14

Molality (m)

Answer 14

The number of moles of solute per kg of solvent

Question 15

Molarity (M)

Answer 15

Moles of solute per liter of solvent

Question 16

Mole fraction

Answer 16

Moles of a component in a mixture divided by total moles

Question 17

Mole percent

Answer 17

Mole fraction expressed as a percentage

Question 18

Osmosis

Answer 18

Flow of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to one of higher concentration

Question 19

Osmosis Pressure

Answer 19

Pressure required to stop osmotic flow

Question 20

Parts by mass

Answer 20

Mass of solute divided by mass of solution

Question 21

Parts by volume

Answer 21

Volume of solute divided by volume of solution

Question 22

Parts Per Billion

Answer 22

Parts per mass where the multiplication factor is 10^9

Question 23

Parts Per Million

Answer 23

Parts per mass with multiplication factor of 10^6

Question 24

Percent by Mass

Answer 24

Parts by mass with multiplication factor of 100

Question 25

Raoult’s Law

Answer 25

Equation used to determine vapor pressure of solution

Question 26

Recrystallisation

Answer 26

Technique used to purify solids - dissolve and allow to precipitate, precipitation is pure

Question 27

Saturated Solution

Answer 27

Solution where no additional solute will dissolve

Question 28

Semipermeable Memberane

Answer 28

Membrane that allows some substances through but not others

Question 29

Solubility

Answer 29

Amount of solution that will dissolve in given amount of solvent

Question 30

Solute

Answer 30

Minority component of soution

Question 31

Solution

Answer 31

Homogeneous mixture of two substances

Question 32

Solvent

Answer 32

Majority component of solution

Question 33

Supersaturated Solution

Answer 33

Unstable solution, containing more than equilibrium amount of solute

Question 34

Tyndall Effect

Answer 34

Scattering of Light by a collodial dispersion

Question 35

Unsaturated solution

Answer 35

Solution where additional solute will dissolve

Question 36

van’t Hoff Factor

Answer 36

Ratio of mols in solution to moles of formula units dissolved

Question 37

Vapor Pressure

Answer 37

Partial Pressure of vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid