Chapter 11 Key Terms

Question 1

Amorphous Solid

Answer 1

A solid in which atoms or molecules do not have long range order

Question 2

Atomic Solid

Answer 2

Solid whose composite units are atoms

Question 3

Band Gap

Answer 3

Energy gap between valence and conduction band of semiconductors and insulators

Question 4

Band Theory

Answer 4

A model for atomic solid bonding wherin orbitals combine and are delocalized

Question 5

Body-Centered Cubic

Answer 5

A unit cell that consists of a cube with one atom at each center and one atom at the center

Question 6

Boiling Point

Answer 6

Temperature at which vapor pressure of liquid equals external pressure

Question 7

Capillary Action

Answer 7

The ability of a liquid to flow against gravity up a narrow tube

Question 8

Clausius-Clapeyron

Answer 8

Equation for relationship between vapor pressure and temperature

Question 9

Condensation

Answer 9

The phase transition from gas to liquid

Question 10

Coordination Number

Answer 10

The number of atoms with which each atom in a crystal lattice is in contact

Question 11

Critical Point

Answer 11

Temperature and pressure above which a supercritical fluid exists

Question 12

Critical Pressure

Answer 12

Pressure required to bring about a supercritical fluid

Question 13

Critical Temperature

Answer 13

Temperature above which a liquid cannot exist

Question 14

Crystalline Lattice

Answer 14

Regular arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid

Question 15

Crystalline Solid

Answer 15

A solid in which atoms are arranged with long range order

Question 16

Cubic Closest Packing

Answer 16

Closest packing where the first and third rows of atoms line up

Question 17

Deposition

Answer 17

The phase transition from gas to solid

Question 18

Diode

Answer 18

A device that allows electricity to flow in only one direction

Question 19

Dipole-Dipole Force

Answer 19

Intermolecular force between polar molecules

Question 20

Dynamic Equilibrium

Answer 20

The point at which the rates of two opposite processes are equal

Question 21

Face-Centered Cubic

Answer 21

Crystal structure whose unit structure is a cube with one atom at each corner, one atom in every face

Question 22

Freesing

Answer 22

Phase transition from liquid to solid

Question 23

Heat of Fusion

Answer 23

Amount of heat required to melt 1mol of a solid

Question 24

Heat of Vaporization

Answer 24

Amount of heat required to vaporize one mol of liquid to a gas

Question 25

Hexagonal Closest Packing

Answer 25

Closest packed arrangement where atoms of first layer align with the third layer

Question 26

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 26

Strong diple dipole force b/w a hydrogen bonded to O, N, or F and a nearby electronegative atom

Question 27

Ion-Dipole Force

Answer 27

An intermolecular force between an ion and the oppositely charged end of a polar molecule

Question 28

Ionic Solids

Answer 28

Solids whose composite units are ions, have high melting points

Question 29

Melting (Fusion)

Answer 29

Phase transition from solid to liquid

Question 30

Melting Point

Answer 30

Temperature at which the molecules of a solid have enough energy to be a liquid

Question 31

Metallic atomic solid

Answer 31

Atomic solid held together by metallic bonds

Question 32

Miscibility

Answer 32

The ability to mix without separating into two phases

Question 33

Molecular Solids

Answer 33

Solids whose composite units are molecules, generally low melting points

Question 34

Network Covalent Atomic Solids

Answer 34

Atomic solids, covalently bonded.

Question 35

Nonbonding Atomic Solid

Answer 35

Held together with dispersion forces

Question 36

Nonvolatile

Answer 36

Not easily vaporized

Question 37

Normal Boiling Point

Answer 37

Temperature when the vapor pressure of liquid is 1atm

Question 38

N-Type Semiconductior

Answer 38

Semiconductor that employs negatively charged electrons in conduction band

Question 39

Packing Efficiency

Answer 39

Percentage of a spherical volume of a unit cell occupied by atoms

Question 40

Permanent Dipole

Answer 40

A permanent separation of charge

Question 41

Phase Diagram

Answer 41

Map of phase of substance at diff temperature, pressure

Question 42

P-N Junctions

Answer 42

Tiny areas in electronic circuits that have p-type semiconductirs n one side and n-type on the other

Question 43

P-Type Semiconductor

Answer 43

Semiconductor that employs positive charge charge carriers

Question 44

Simple Cubic

Answer 44

A unit cell that consists of a cube with one atom at each corner

Question 45

Sublimation

Answer 45

Phase transition from solid to gas

Question 46

Surface Tension

Answer 46

The energy required to increase surface area by a unit amount.

Question 47

Triple Point

Answer 47

Set of conditions at which all three phases of a substance are equally stable

Question 48

Unit Cell

Answer 48

Smallest Divisible unit of crystal that shows whole long range order

Question 49

Vapor Pressure

Answer 49

Partial Pressure of vapor in dynamic equilibrium

Question 50

Vaporization

Answer 50

Phase transition from liquid to cas

Question 51

Viscosity

Answer 51

A measure of resistance of liquid to flow

Question 52

Volatile

Answer 52

Tending to vaporize easily.

Question 53

Clausius Clapeyron Equation

Answer 53