Chapter 12: Hormones and Regulatory Behaviour Flashcards
what is regulatory behaviour?
survival-based behaviours that are motivated via biological mechanisms
what allows for hormone release?
signalling between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
what controls the release of hormones?
the hypothalamus
what are the 5 different types of taste?
- sweet (positive response)
- sour (no automatic positive response)
- bitter (no automatic positive response)
- salty (positive response)
- umami
papillae
the bumps on the tongue with tastebuds located underneath
circumvilliate
round disks at the very back of the tongue
foliate
located along the sides of the tongue
fungiform
located at the front of the tongue
filiform
located at the centre of the tongue. no tastebuds
supertaster
- small percentage of the population
- have more taste buds
- more sensitive to bitterness
non-taster
most common, have a normal amount of tastebuds
where do taste receptors synapse?
solitary tract
what allows for identification of specific tastes?
insula
what is the purpose of the orbitofrontal cortex when it comes to taste?
makes a decision about the taste
what is the purpose of the limbic system when it comes to taste?
allows for an emotional experience while eating and retains a memory about the food
what are the phases of digestion?
- cephalic phase (initial motivator to get food; hunger)
- absorption phase (converting food into energy and energy stores
- fasting phase (period between meals)
ghrelin
a hormone in the stomach that signals for you to get food (gives the feeling of being hungry)
which hormones are produced in the pancreas?
insulin and glucagon
what does insulin promote?
the production of proteins in muscle fibres from amino acids
what is the purpose of glucagon?
allows glycogen to be converted into energy in the form of glucose (glycogenolysis)
ketones
converted from fatty acids via the liver and are used in the absence of enough glucose
lipogenesis
production of fat throughout the body
leptin
a hormone released by fat stores
what does leptin affect?
affects long-term energy expenditure relative to food intake
what happens if there is no leptin in the body?
there will be no settling point/stable body weight
how does the body lose water?
- evaporation through respiration
- excretion
- sweating
vasopressin
regulates water retention and signals kidneys to reabsorb water
where is vasopressin released?
directly from the posterior pituitary
how is the release of vassopressin affected?
- stress level through cortisol release (inhibits)
- alcohol consumption (inhibits)
- salt intake (encourages)
what is osmolality?
the ratio of fluid to amount of electrolytes dissolved within it
what will increase osmolality?
fluids high in sodium
what is prandial thirst?
the thirst that happens when you’re eating
what is the purpose of prandial thirst?
fluid replacement and to counter changed in osmolality while eating
where is oxytocin released?
directly from the posterior pituitary gland
what is the purpose of oxytocin in females?
infant bonding and milk production
