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Engineering Materials > Chapter 12 - Ferrous Alloys > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Ferrous Alloys Flashcards

1
Q

how does Boron effect Steel?

A

Improves hardness without loss of machinability & formability

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2
Q

how does Calcium effect Steel?

A

Deoxidizes steels, improves toughness, and may improve formability and machinability

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3
Q

how does Carbon effect Steel?

A

improves hardenability, strength, hardness, and wear resistance; it
reduces ductility, weldability, and toughness

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4
Q

How does Cerium effect steel?

A

controls the shape of inclusions and improves toughness in high-strength
low alloy steels; it deoxidizes steels

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5
Q

How does Chromium effect steel?

A

improves toughness, hardenability, wear and corrosion resistance, and
high-temperature strength; it increases the depth of the hardness penetration
resulting from heat treatment by promoting carburization

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6
Q

How does Cobalt effect steel?

A

improves strength and hardness at elevated temperatures

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7
Q

How does Copper effect steel?

A

improves resistance to atmospheric corrosion and, to a lesser extent,
increases strength with little loss in ductility; it adversely affects the hot-working
characteristics and surface quality

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8
Q

How does Lead effect steel?

A

improves machinability; it causes liquid-metal embrittlement

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9
Q

How does Magnesium effect steel?

A

Same as cerium

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10
Q

How does Manganese effect steel?

A

improves hardenability, strength, abrasion resistance, and
machinability; it deoxidizes the molten steel, reduce shot shortness, and decreases
weldability

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11
Q

How does Molybdenum effect steel?

A

improves hardenability, wear resistance, toughness, elevatedtemperature
strength, creep resistance, and hardness; it minimizes temper
embrittlement

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12
Q

How does Nickel effect steel?

A

improves strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance; it improves
hardenability

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13
Q

How does Niobium efect steel?

A

imparts fineness of grain size and improves strength and

impact toughness; it lowers transition temperature and may decrease hardenability

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14
Q

How does Phosphorus effect steel?

A

imparts fineness of grain size and improves strength and
improves strength, hardenability, corrosion resistance, and
machinability; it severely reduces ductility and toughness

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15
Q

How does Selenium effect steel?

A

Improves machinability

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16
Q

How does silicon effect steel?

A

improves strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and electrical
conductivity; it decreases magnetic-hysteresis loss, machinability, and cold
formability

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17
Q

How does Sulphur effect steel?

A

Improves machinability when combined with manganese; it lowers impact
strength and ductility and impairs surface quality and weldability

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18
Q

How does Tantalum effect steel?

A

Has effects similar to those of niobium

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19
Q

How does Telletium effect steel?

A

improves machinability, formability, and toughness

20
Q

How does Titanium effect steel?

A

improves hardenability; it deoxidizes steels

21
Q

How does Tungsten effect steel?

A

has the same effects as cobalt

22
Q

How does Vanadium effect steel?

A

improves strength, toughness, abrasion resistance, and hardness at
elevated temperatures; it inhibits grain growth during heat treatment

23
Q

How does Zirconium effect steel?

A

Same as Cerium

24
Q

What is a low alloy steel?

A

Alloyed steel when less than 5% of weight is alloying elements

25
Q

What are the 3 common low alloy steels?

A

Low, Medium & High Carbon steels

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Low carbon Steels?

A
  • 0.1-0.25% Carbon
  • High Formability
  • High ductility
  • Low strength
  • Good weldability
  • Can’t be hardened by heat treatment
  • Hardened by cold working
27
Q

What are the characteristics of Medium carbon Steels?

A
  • 0.25 - 0.55% Carbon
  • Good combination of strength and ductility
  • Strengthened by heat treatment
  • Weldable
28
Q

Advantages of low alloy steels?

A

low cost, high weldability & most used

29
Q

Disadvantages of low alloy steels?

A

Relatively low strength, low hardenability & low corrosion resistance

30
Q

What are high alloy steels?

A

Alloyed steel when more than 5% of weight is alloying elements

31
Q

Name 2 common high alloy steels?

A

Stainless steel

tool steels

32
Q

What are stainless steels characteristics?

A
  • Corrosion resistant
  • High Strength
  • Ductility
  • Chromium content
33
Q

What are the main alloying elements in tool steel?

A

Chromium, Cobalt and Manganese

34
Q

How are tool steels classified?

A

By:

  • quenching methods (Air, oil or water hardening)
  • Carbon & Alloy content
35
Q

What is Cast iron?

A

Iron with 1.7 to 4.5 wt% carbon and 0.5 to 3 wt%

silicon

36
Q

What are the characteristics of cast iron?

A

Good castsability & low cost material

37
Q

What are the advantages of cast iron?

A
  • good castability
  • antivibration properties
  • low stress concentration
38
Q

What are the disadvantages of cast iron?

A
  • high brittleness
  • non machinable
  • cold brittleness
39
Q

What is grey cast iron?

A

Flake graphite in a matrix of pearlite, ferrite or martensite

40
Q

How does grey cast iron form?

A

when:
• Cooling is slow, as in heavy sections
• High silicon or carbon

41
Q

What are the properties of grey cast iron?

A
  • Machinability is excellent
  • Ductility is low (0.6%), impact resistance low
  • Damping capacity high
  • Thermal conductivity high
  • Dry and normal wear properties excellent
42
Q

What is white cast iron?

A
  • It is a particular variety of cast iron which
    shows white fractures
  • The white colour is due to the fact that the
    carbon is in the form of carbides known as
    cementite
43
Q

What are white cast irons characteristics?

A

– It has a high tensile strength and a low
compressive strength
– Extremely hard, not machinable
– Resistance to sharp objects and cracks

44
Q

What is malleable cast iron?

A

– Malleable cast iron is obtained from white

cast iron by suitable heat treatment

45
Q

What are malleable cast irons characteristics?

A 
It is ductile and may be bent without
breaking or fracturing the section
– It is used for making machine parts for
which steel forging would be too
expensive

Engineering Materials (31 decks)

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