Chapter 12 - Emotions

Question 1

Emotions are a mix of what three things?

Answer 1

Bodily arousal, expressive behaviours, and conscious experiences.

Question 2

According to the cannon-bard theory. (A) our physiological response to stimulus (for example, a pounding heart), and (B) the emotion we experience (fear) occur _______. According to the James-Lange theory, (a), and (b) occur ________.

Answer 2

Cannon-Bard: simultaneously
James-Lange: sequentially

Question 3

According to Schachter and Singer’s two factor theory, two factors lead to our experience of emotion. What are those two factors?

Answer 3

physiological arousal, and cognitive appraisal

Question 4

What is the link between emotions and the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

In crisis mode, your autonomic nervous system arouses the body (adrenaline) and calms the body when danger passes.

Question 5

What is the two-track brain theory?

Answer 5

When emotions bypass the cortex, and heads straight through to the amygdala. In other words, an automatic emotional response without any thinking.

Question 6

How do the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system affect our emotional responses?

Answer 6

Sympathetic energizes our body into fight or flight mode (adrenaline). Parasympathetic calms our body after the danger passes.

Question 7

The _______ _______ theory of emotion maintains that a physiological response happens before we know what we are feeling.

Answer 7

James-Lange

Question 8

Assume that after spending an hour on a treadmill, you receive a letter saying that your scholarship application has been approved. The two-factor theory of emotion would predict that your physical arousal will
A) weaken your happiness
B) intensify your happiness
C) transform your happiness
D) have no particular effect on your happiness

Answer 8

B - intensifies your happiness

Question 9

_____ report experiencing emotions more deeply, and they tend to be more adept at reading non-verbal emotions.

Answer 9

Women

Question 10

Are people more likely to differ culturally in their interpretations of facial expressions, or of gestures?

Answer 10

gestures

Question 11

What is the facial feedback effect? Give examples.

Answer 11

its the tendency of facial muscle states to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
E.g., smiling will typically make a person feel happier, and frowning will make a person feel more sad.

Question 12

What is the behaviour feedback effect? give examples.

Answer 12

The tendency of behaviours to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.
E.g., shuffling down with downcast eyes, a behavioural response associated with being sad, will make me sad.

Question 13

Around the world _______ _______ convey the same meaning.

Answer 13

Facial expressions

Question 14

What is a consequence related to anger?

Answer 14

heart disease

Question 15

What is the definition catharsis?

Answer 15

Expressing or using anger energy relieves aggressive urges. E.g., going to a room to smash things or hitting a punching bag to relieve anger.

Question 16

What is the feel-good, do-good phenomenon?

Answer 16

People’s tendency to be helpful when in a good mood.

Question 17

What is the adaptation-level phenomenon? Give an example.

Answer 17

The tendency to quickly adapt to a particular situation, turning it into a norm.

Question 18

What is the relative-deprivation phenomenon? Give an example.

Answer 18

The belief that a person will feel deprived or entitled to something based on the comparison of someone else.

Question 19

Based on findings in psychology, what do happier people tend to do for others?

Answer 19

Happier people help others more.

Question 20

After moving to a new apartment, you find a specific noise to be annoying, but eventually, it becomes normal. What phenomenon is this?

Answer 20

Adaptation level phenomenon

Question 21

A philosopher observed that we cannot escape envy because there will always be someone better, or more successful, with whom to compare ourselves. What phenomenon is this?

Answer 21

Relative deprivation phenomenon

Question 22

What is the affiliation need?

Answer 22

its a need for involvement
e.g., being in a group, or on a team.

Question 23

What is social ostracism?

Answer 23

Being left out, ignored from a group.

Question 24

How accurate is a polygraph? And what does it check for?

Answer 24

1/3 of the time its wrong, and it checks for emotional linked arousals.

Question 25

What are the three stages in general adaptive syndrome?

Answer 25

Alarm, stress, and exhaustion.

Question 26

Define what psychoneuroimmunology is, and what is the science behind it?

Answer 26

Psycho = emotions neuro = affects on the brain, which controls stress hormones that influence the disease-fighting immune system.

Question 27

What are the four types of cells that are active in fighting?

Answer 27

B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells.

Question 28

What are type a and type b people?

Answer 28

Type A are competitive, angry assholes; type b are chill, relaxed people.

Question 29

Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) consists of an alarm reaction followed by ____, then _____.

Answer 29

stress, exhaustion

Question 30

What is an example of problem focused control?

Answer 30

Going directly to the source of stress, and fixing the situation.

Question 31

What is an example of emotion-focused coping?

Answer 31

Trying to alleviate stress by avoiding the source, and focusing on our emotional needs.

Question 32

What is personal control?