Chapter 12 - Descriptive Statistics

Question 1

statistics

Answer 1

a set of procedures for describing, synthesizing, analyzing, and interpreting quantitative data

Question 2

code book

Answer 2

serves as the key for the numerical values assigned to each variable

Question 3

statistic

Answer 3

a numerical index that describes the characteristics of a sample or samples

Question 4

parameter

Answer 4

a numerical index that describes the characteristics of a population

Question 5

Measures of central tendency

Answer 5

indices that represent a typical score among a group of scores (includes mean, median, and mode)

Question 6

measures of variability

Answer 6

indices of how spread out a group of scores is (includes range, quartile deviation, and the standard deviation)

Question 7

variance

Answer 7

the amount of spread among scores (see forumula)

Question 8

standard deviation

Answer 8

the square root of the variance of a set of scores

Question 9

standard score

Answer 9

a calculation that expresses how far an individual student’s test score is from the mean, in standard deviation units

Standard scores allow scores from different tests to be compared on a common scale and thus permit valid mathematical operations to be performed.

Question 10

z score

Answer 10

the most basic and most used standard score

The z score expresses directly how far a score is from the mean in terms of standard deviation units.

Question 11

T score

Answer 11

used to provide an easier-to-understand score that is standardized without pluses or minuses and is derived by multiplying the z score by 10 and adding 50

a z score expressed or transformed into an equivalent score

Question 12

Measures of relationship

Answer 12

measures that indicate the degree to which two sets of scores are related