Chapter 12, cours 3 midterm 2 Flashcards
Personality psychology is a subfield of psychology that attempts to account for individual differences in
thinking, feeling, and behaving at various levels of analysis that range from the biological level (e.g., heredity) to the group level (e.g., cultural differences).
personality can be defined as
as an enduring set of internally based characteristics that produce uniqueness and consistency in the expressions of a person’s thoughts and behaviors, along with an explanation to account for these characteristics.
personality traits definition
internally-based characteristics that make up one’s personality.
Individual differences in personality reflect the types of and degree to which they possess certain traits.
To help you think about what personality is, we will look at three distinct elements of personality:
uniqueness, consistency, and explanation
what is uniqueness? link with twins too
Personality traits are specific to each person
even among monozygotic twins, each twin has unique personality traits.
Personality explains how the expression of each individual’s thoughts and behavior is different.
what is consistency?
How an individual behaves over time in similar situations
Personality describes how the behavior of the individual is consistent over time and across situations.
The focus of these perspectives on personality range from
emotional processes (e.g., anxiety and joy) to mental processes (e.g., beliefs and expectations) to biological processes (e.g., genetics and hormones)
what is processes of personality?
Personality accounts for the internal operations producing the unique and consistent expression of an individual’s thoughts and behavior.
Which of the following is NOT a critical element of defining personality?
a
How a person behaves consistently across time and situations
b
How a person is unique and different from others
c
How a person’s behavior can be explained (or accounted for)
d
How a person’s behavior is affected by social and cultural norms
d
How a person’s behavior is affected by social and cultural norms
Explanation
Personality is influenced by genetics and culture, but we don’t need to identify all the genetic and social influences on behavior to define personality. Personality is also more comprehensive than one type of behavior.
what is the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?
the Freudan notion that perosnality is a function of internal processes and conflicts over which individuals have little or no conscious awareness or personal control
the psychodynamic perspective is associate with who?
Sigmund Freud
Others who proposed their own psychodynamic perspectives in reaction to Freud’s perspective include
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney
Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and Karen Horney placed greater emphasis on …wich concept to explain personality?
on social relationships and conscious awareness as the basis for understanding the expression of personality.
selon Freud, there are 3 regions of the Mind:
Conscious Mind
Preconscious Mind
Unconscious Mind
the conscious mind explain it:
is limited to only those mental activities the individual is consciously aware of at any given moment
connects with conscious awareness. we are aware of our thoughts and feelings at the moment
explain the preconscious mind
contains mental information that the individual may not be thinking about at any given moment but can easily access when needed, as well as remove from awareness when no longer needed.
connects with conscious and unconscious minds. Contains information accesible to the conscious mind when needed.
explain the unconscious mind:
the largest and most influential part of the mind, according to freud. houses any thoughts or impulses that are considered too threating to be in one’s conscious mind.
it is an unlimited storage facility containing the thoughts, feelings, memories, needs, desires, wishes, and past experiences deemed too threatening to appear at the conscious level of awareness.
True or False
According to Freud, to understand personality it is necessary to expose and gain access to the content of the unconscious mind.
true
according to Freud, how can we access the unconscious mind?
free association(word vomit)
dream analysis(the most important technique for hime)
what is free association?
required the individual to say whatever came to their mind without considering how meaningless or threatening it might seem
what is the manigest content?
is what the dreamer remembers, it is the disguised content- without any interpretation
what is the latent content?
is the expression of the unconscious mind and a reflection of a person’s true feelings, needs, and desires.
what are the parts of a dream analysis?
the manifest content
the latent content
what are the 3 structural components of the mind?
Id
Ego
Superego