chapter 12 communicable and infectious disease risks Flashcards
3 stages HIV
primary infection
clinical latency
symptomatic disease
how can HIV be transmitted
-blood
-semen
-organs
-vaginal secretions
-breastmilk
screening for HIV
HIV antibody test
routine voluntary testing recommended for 13-64 yo
top 2 most infectious STDs
1 chlamydia
#2 gonorrhea
symptoms gonorrhea (men and women)
men: copious urethral discharge and dysuria
women: asymptomatic or dysuria
complications with gonorrhea
PID
infertility
symptoms chlamydia
“silent disease”, asymptomatic
1-3 weeks after exposure:
-discharge
-dysuria
complications with chlamydia
PID
infertility
how is syphilis transmitted
contact with mucous membranes
clinical signs syphilis (primary, secondary, tertiary)
-primary: chancre
-secondary: rash, lympadenopathy, mucosal ulceration
-tertiary: gummatous lesions, blindness, CV damage, psychoses
S+S herpes simplex virus type 2
prodromal then eruption painful vesicles
how is HSV2 transmitted
direct contact with skin
(can be spread when asymptomatic)
complication with HSV2
increased risk cervical cancer
risk to infants born to mothers with active lesions
transmission HPV
direct contact with wart
how is hep a transmitted
contaminated food or water
what types of hepatitis are vaccine preventable
A and B
how is hep b transmitted
blood borne
-blood
-semen
-bodily fluid
people at risk for hep b
-IV drug users
-people with STDs/multiple partners
-healthcare worker
how is hep c transmitted
blood borne
usually from needles from IV drug users
people at risk for hep c
-IV drug users
-healthcare workers
-infants of infected mothers
-recipients of blood transfusions before 1992
transmission TB
airborne
S+S TB
-cough >3 weeks
-chest pain
-coughing up blood
-fever
-weight loss
-night sweats
primary prevention for communicable diseases
-education
-obtain sex + drug history
-safer sex
-drug use (clean supplies)
-PReP for HIV
secondary prevention for communicable diseases
-screening
-contact tracing
-HIV testing
tertiary prevention for communicable diseases
-Tx acute infection (directly observed)
-psychosocial support for chronic infections
-standard precautions
