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chapter 11 communicable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

epidemiologic triangle of communicable diseases

A

-environment
-host
-agent

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2
Q

epidemiology triangle: bacteria, fungi, parasites & viruses

A

agent

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3
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to enter & multiply in the host

A

infectivity

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4
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a clinical reaction after infection

A

pathogenicity

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5
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a severe reaction

A

virulence

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6
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a poisonous reaction

A

toxicity

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7
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to penetrate & spread in tissue

A

invasiveness

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8
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to stimulate an immune response

A

antigenicity

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9
Q

epidemiology triangle: human or animal

A

host

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10
Q

epidemiology triangle: Ability to withstand infection

A

resistance

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11
Q

type of resistance: species dependent, innate resistance

A

natural immunity

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12
Q

type of resistance: resistance acquired by a result of previous natural exposure to agent

A

acquired immunity

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13
Q

type of acquired immunity: administration of an antigen & antibodies are produced
(having infectious agent or vaccine)

A

active immunization

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14
Q

type of acquired immunity: administration of antibodies from an immunized person
(immunoglobulin or antiserum)

A

passive immunization

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15
Q

measure of the potential ability of an
infected host to spread the infection to other hosts

A

infectiousness

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16
Q

4 modes of transmission

A

-vertical
-horizontal
-common vehicle
-vector

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17
Q

mode of transmission: passed
from parent to offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in vaginal canal at birth

A

vertical

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18
Q

mode of transmission: person-to-person (STDs, pinworms, etc)

A

horizontal

19
Q

mode of transmission: transportation of an agent to a host via food, water, blood,
saliva etc

A

common vehicle

20
Q

mode of transmission: arthropods
(mosquitos, ticks) or other
invertebrates that carry disease

A

vectors

21
Q

4 steps disease development

A

-infection
-disease
-incubation
-communicable

22
Q

disease development: entry, development, and multiplication of infectious agent

A

infection

23
Q

disease development: a pathologic reaction to the infectious agent

A

disease

24
Q

disease development: time between infection
& appearance of signs & symptoms of
disease

A

incubation period

25
Q

disease development: Interval between
with an infectious agent may be transferred
between the infected individual and
another host

A

communicable period

26
Q

Gathering information on who, what,
when, where

A

surveillance

27
Q

primary prevention for infectious disease

A

vaccines
education

28
Q

secondary prevention for infectious disease

A

contact tracing
prophylaxis
screening

29
Q

tertiary prevention for infectious disease

A

treat
rehabilitate

30
Q

2 top agents bioterrorism

A

anthrax
smallpox

31
Q

agent of bioterrorism:
-found in soil
-infected by contact
-7 day incubation period
-Tx: Abx

A

anthrax

32
Q

agent of bioterrorism:
-only in labs
-S+S: fever, body aches, rash starts on tongue and spreads to body

A

smallpox

33
Q

4 vaccine preventable diseases

A

-measles
-rubella
-pertussis
-influenza

34
Q

who is most at risk for rubella

A

pregnant women

35
Q

who is most at risk for pertussis

A

infants

36
Q

2 top foodborne pathogens

A

-salmonella
-e coli

37
Q

foodborne pathogen:
-shed in feces and spread through contaminated food (lettuce, peanut butter, undercooked meat, eggs)
-symptoms 48 hours after ingestion

A

salmonellosis

38
Q

foodborne pathogen:
-contaminated water or food
-can be spread person to person
-causes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), kids especially at risk

A

e coli

39
Q

2 tick borne diseases

A

lyme disease
rocky mountain fever

40
Q

constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population

A

endemic

41
Q

occurrence of a disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy

A

epidemic

42
Q

epidemic that occurs worldwide and affects large populations

A

pandemic

43
Q

to remove a disease from a large geographic area such as a country or region of the world

A

elimination

44
Q

to remove a disease worldwide by ending all transmission of infection through the complete extermination of the infectious agent

A

eradication

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