chapter 11 communicable diseases Flashcards
epidemiologic triangle of communicable diseases
-environment
-host
-agent
epidemiology triangle: bacteria, fungi, parasites & viruses
agent
epidemiology triangle: Ability to enter & multiply in the host
infectivity
epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a clinical reaction after infection
pathogenicity
epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a severe reaction
virulence
epidemiology triangle: Ability to produce a poisonous reaction
toxicity
epidemiology triangle: Ability to penetrate & spread in tissue
invasiveness
epidemiology triangle: Ability to stimulate an immune response
antigenicity
epidemiology triangle: human or animal
host
epidemiology triangle: Ability to withstand infection
resistance
type of resistance: species dependent, innate resistance
natural immunity
type of resistance: resistance acquired by a result of previous natural exposure to agent
acquired immunity
type of acquired immunity: administration of an antigen & antibodies are produced
(having infectious agent or vaccine)
active immunization
type of acquired immunity: administration of antibodies from an immunized person
(immunoglobulin or antiserum)
passive immunization
measure of the potential ability of an
infected host to spread the infection to other hosts
infectiousness
4 modes of transmission
-vertical
-horizontal
-common vehicle
-vector
mode of transmission: passed
from parent to offspring through sperm, placenta, milk, or contact in vaginal canal at birth
vertical
mode of transmission: person-to-person (STDs, pinworms, etc)
horizontal
mode of transmission: transportation of an agent to a host via food, water, blood,
saliva etc
common vehicle
mode of transmission: arthropods
(mosquitos, ticks) or other
invertebrates that carry disease
vectors
4 steps disease development
-infection
-disease
-incubation
-communicable
disease development: entry, development, and multiplication of infectious agent
infection
disease development: a pathologic reaction to the infectious agent
disease
disease development: time between infection
& appearance of signs & symptoms of
disease
incubation period
disease development: Interval between
with an infectious agent may be transferred
between the infected individual and
another host
communicable period
Gathering information on who, what,
when, where
surveillance
primary prevention for infectious disease
vaccines
education
secondary prevention for infectious disease
contact tracing
prophylaxis
screening
tertiary prevention for infectious disease
treat
rehabilitate
2 top agents bioterrorism
anthrax
smallpox
agent of bioterrorism:
-found in soil
-infected by contact
-7 day incubation period
-Tx: Abx
anthrax
agent of bioterrorism:
-only in labs
-S+S: fever, body aches, rash starts on tongue and spreads to body
smallpox
4 vaccine preventable diseases
-measles
-rubella
-pertussis
-influenza
who is most at risk for rubella
pregnant women
who is most at risk for pertussis
infants
2 top foodborne pathogens
-salmonella
-e coli
foodborne pathogen:
-shed in feces and spread through contaminated food (lettuce, peanut butter, undercooked meat, eggs)
-symptoms 48 hours after ingestion
salmonellosis
foodborne pathogen:
-contaminated water or food
-can be spread person to person
-causes hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), kids especially at risk
e coli
2 tick borne diseases
lyme disease
rocky mountain fever
constant presence of a disease within a geographic area or a population
endemic
occurrence of a disease in a community or region in excess of normal expectancy
epidemic
epidemic that occurs worldwide and affects large populations
pandemic
to remove a disease from a large geographic area such as a country or region of the world
elimination
to remove a disease worldwide by ending all transmission of infection through the complete extermination of the infectious agent
eradication
