Chapter 12 acids and bases

Question 1

Arrhenius theory of acids and bases + equations

Answer 1

acids = substance that dissociates in water to produce h+ ions (strong = completely dissociates , weak = slightly disassociates ) {HA + H2O = H3O+A- } Bases = substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions[hydroxide ions] ( strong = completely , weak= slightly)

Question 2

shortcomings of Arrhenius theory (3)

Answer 2

it is hydronium ions rather than bare H+ ions suggested ny arrhenius , htat exist in solution, definitions restricted to aqueous solutions(not inc. benzene,ammonia) , not all acid base reactions require water (eg ; ammonia and hydrogen chloride gas )

Question 3

Bronsted Lowry Theory

Answer 3

Acid = proton donor ( strong=good , weak= poor) 
Base = proton acceptor (strong=good , weak=poor)

Question 4

Substance that can act as an acid/base

Answer 4

amphoteric/amphiprotic

Question 5

Comparing both theories

Answer 5

ARH - limited to reactions in water B&L is not , ARH - limited to bases that produce hydroxide ions in water but not all do , Substances that would not be classified as acids/bases by ARH are classified by B&L (eg;NH3) , ARH cannot explain how a substance can be amphoteric

Question 6

Conjugate acid-base pair

Answer 6

Any pair consisting of an acid and a base that differ by one proton (if + on right then - on left and vice versa)

Question 7

Acid/base change to what conjugate

Answer 7

base= to conjugate acid when accepts a proton, Acid= to conjugate base when it donates a proton

Question 8

Neutralization

Answer 8

Acid + base = salt + water

Question 9

Salt (definition)

Answer 9

substance formed when the H ion from an acid is replaced by a metal /ammonium ion

Question 10

Examples of neutralization in our everyday lives (4)

Answer 10

medication - antacids for excess Hydrochloric acid , Agriculture - lime for acidic soils
Environmental - in areas that suffer from acidic rain limestone is added to lakes Miscellaneous - toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralize acidic foods that cause tooth decay, shampoo is slightly basic and hair conditioner is slightly acidic