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Mom and baby Exam 1 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Uniting of sperm and ovum = ?

A

Zygote (fertilization)

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2
Q

Implantation occurs how many days after fertilization?

A

6 to 10 days

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3
Q

Where does a blastocyst burrow during implantation?

A

The endometrium

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4
Q

Where does fertilization takes place ?

A

In the ampulla of the fallopian tube

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5
Q

In regards to Implantation, _____________ is the outer layer ?

A

Trophoblast

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6
Q

What develops out of Trophoblasts ?

A

Chorionic Villi

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7
Q

After Implantation, the endometrium is now called what ?

A

decidua basalis

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8
Q

By day ___ the placenta is in place ?

A

17

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9
Q

Pregnancy lasts for how long ?

- Lunar months:
- Weeks:
- Days:
A

Lunar months: 10
Weeks: 40 weeks
Days: 280

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10
Q

The Pre-embryonic or Ovum stage Takes place from day ___ to ___ ?

A

1 to 14

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11
Q

All tissue and organs develop from what ?

A

Germ layers

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12
Q

What stage of Embryonic and Fetal development period covers,

  • cellular replication
  • blastocyst formation
  • initial development of embryonic membranes
  • establishment of primary germ layers ?
A

Pre-embryonic or Ovum stage: days 1-14

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13
Q

What are the 3 primary germ layers ?

A
  • Ectoderm
  • Mesoderm
  • Endoderm
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14
Q

Which primary germ layer is the “outter layer” ?

A

Ectoderm

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15
Q

The Ectoderm may give rise to what types of things ?

A
  • Nails
  • Tissues
  • Some external organs
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16
Q

The Mesoderm gives rise to what types of things ?

A
  • Skeleton

- Teeth

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17
Q

The Endoderm gives rise to what types of things ?

A

Gives rise to innermost systems

  • Respiratory system
  • Urinary system
  • etc,.
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18
Q

Development of the embryo is the most critical time for what ?

A

organ system development

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the amnion and amniotic cavity ?

A

Surrounds the growing fetus

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20
Q

What covers the fetal side of the placenta ?

A

Chorion

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21
Q

Amniotic fluid is typically what color ?

A

clear

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22
Q

True or False: The amniotic fluid typically has no smell to it ?

A

True

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23
Q

What is a main function of the Amniotic fluid ?

A

Maintains constant body temperature !

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24
Q

What are additional function of the Amniotic fluid ?

A
  • Cushion for the baby (to keep baby safe)
  • Allows the baby to move around freely
  • Antibacterial properties (to keep baby safe)
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25
Q

Amniotic fluid = ?

A

Fetal urine (sterile)

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26
Q

What is the function of the Yolk sac ?

A

Transfers oxygen and nutrients to the fetus

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27
Q

The Yolk sac eventually becomes part of what ?

A

The digestive tract

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28
Q

The umbilical cord contains 3 vessels.

  • How many are veins: ?
  • How many are arteries : ?
A

1 vein

2 arteries

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29
Q

What doe the vein in the umbilical cord do ?

A

returns blood to the embryo

30
Q

What do the arteries in the umbilical cord do ?

A

Carry blood from the embryo to the chorionic villi

31
Q

The umbilical cord is 2cm in diameter, and is ___ to ___ cm at birth ?

A

30 - 90cm

32
Q

What structure is a complex system of blood vessels ?

A

Placenta

33
Q

The placenta is in place by day 17 from what ?

A

The Chorionic Villi

34
Q

The placenta functions as what ?

A

system of metabolic exchange

35
Q

What is the Hormone of pregnancy ?

A

Progesterone !!

36
Q

Placental functions depend on what ?

A

Maternal blood pressure

37
Q

What type of drug acts as a vasoconstrictor ?

A

Cocaine

38
Q

What are functions of the placenta ?

A
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Early-function endocrine gland
  • Metabolic exchange of oxygen and CO2
  • Storage for fetal needs (carbs, Ca, Iron, & protein stores)
  • Waste products from fetus cross the placental membrane from fetal-maternal
39
Q

The Embryonic stage takes place between what time frame ?

A

15th day - 8th week

40
Q

During what stage of development is the embryo vulnerable to teratogens ?

A

Embryonic stage : 15th day - 8th week

41
Q

The Fetal stage takes place when ?

A

9th week to delivery

42
Q

___________ development continues long after the embryonic period ?

A

Neurological

43
Q

During what stage of development can Stressors on the system possibly still cause damage to the Neurological system ?

A

Fetal stage : 9th week to delivery

44
Q

When are all systems formed ?

A

At the end of the 8th week

45
Q

When the fetus has reached fetal maturation, it is less vulnerable to teratogens, except for those affecting what ?

A

The CNS

46
Q

What is the 1st system to develop ?

A

Cardiovascular

47
Q

Tubular heart beats can be heard when ?

A

4-5 weeks

48
Q

In regards to the Cardiovascular system, Fetus’s have a special circulatory pathway which does what ?

A

Bypasses the Lungs

49
Q

What does the Foreamen Ovale do ?

A

Connects the Right and Left atria, so blood doesn’t go to the lungs

50
Q

What does the Ductus arterioles do ?

A

Fetal artery connecting the Aorta (main body artery) and the Pulmonary artery (main lung artery) .

  • Allows the blood to detour away from the lungs before birth
51
Q

What is Surfactant ?

A

A hormone that allows expansion of the lungs to occur..

  • Makes breathing easier
52
Q

When is there some surfactant present (weeks) ?

A

At 32 weeks

53
Q

The book states that ___ weeks is key for survival outside of the body ?

A

35 weeks

54
Q

True or False: There is no gas exchange in the lungs of the fetus ?

A

True

55
Q

What is the ratio of the Respiratory surfactants ?

A

2:1

56
Q

What does the umbilical vein do ?

A

Carries oxygen rich blood back to the fetus

57
Q

Placental blood flow is enhanced when ?

A

When women are lying on their left side !

  • Because the Vena cava is not compromised
58
Q

The Ductus Venous is the 1st port where ?

A

In the fetal abdomen

59
Q

The Ductus Venous connects to where ?

A

The inferior vena cava

60
Q

Rhythmic breathing patterns take place during what week of fetal development ?

A

Week 32

61
Q

The Ability to Partially control temperature takes place during what week of fetal development ?

A

Week 32

62
Q

During which week of fetal development are bones fully developed, but soft and flexible ?

A

Week 32

63
Q

What are the two types of Respiratory surfactant ?

A
  • Lecithin

- Sphingomyelin

64
Q

After 32 weeks, __________ is present in the Alveoli to provide for a good chance of survival ?

A

Surfactant

65
Q

What is the Surfactant ratio of Lecithin & Sphingomyelin ? L:S = ?

A

L:S = 2:1

66
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are there ?

A

23

67
Q

23 pairs of chromosomes total

  • # of autosomes: ___
  • # of sex chromosomes: ___
A

Autosomes = 22 pairs
Sex chromosomes = 1 pair

Total = 23 pairs of chromosomes

68
Q

Multifactorial inheritance includes both… ?

A
  • Genetic & Environmental factors
69
Q

Gestation occurs how many days after the LMP ?

A

280 days

70
Q

Gestation occurs for how many days after conception ?

A

266 days (280 days? 40 weeks? is full term?)

Mom and baby Exam 1 (14 decks)

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