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PSY 341 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the phases of schizophrenia

A

Prodromal Phase
Psychotic Prephase
Active Phase
Residual Phase

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2
Q

Peculiar Behaviors and Negative Symptoms

A

Prodromal Phase

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3
Q

First Positive Symptom Such as a Hallucination

A

Psychotic Prephase

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4
Q

Many Positive and Negative Symptoms

A

Active Phase

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5
Q

Low-Grade Symptoms Similar to Prodromal Phase

A

Residual Phase

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6
Q

Class of serious mental illnesses marked by a disconnect from reality

A

Psychotic Disorder

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7
Q

Lack of variety in emotional expression and speech

A

Flat Affect

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8
Q

Emotion that is unsuitable for a given situation

A

Inappropriate Affect

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9
Q

Irrational belief involving a misinterpretation of perceptions or life experiences

A

Delusion

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10
Q

Sensory experience a person believes to be true when actually it is not

A

Hallucination

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11
Q

Act of staying in a fixed stuporous state for long periods

A

Catatonic

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12
Q

Disorder marked by positive symptoms, such as delusions, negative symptoms, and disorganized behavior

A

Schizophrenia

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13
Q

Feature that is obvious and excessive and usually not present in healthy individuals

A

Positive Symptoms

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14
Q

Feature that represents a significant deficit in behavior

A

Negative Symptoms

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15
Q

Communication that is disconnected, fragmented, interrupted and/or jumbled

A

Disorganized Speech

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16
Q

Display of unusual motor symptoms

A

Catatonic Behavior

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17
Q

State of speaking very little to other people

A

Alogia

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18
Q

Inability or unwillingness to engage in goal-directed activities

A

Avolition

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19
Q

Lack of pleasure or interest in life activities

A

Anhedonia

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20
Q

Mental illness marked by symptoms of psychosis that last 1 to 6 months

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

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21
Q

Mental illness marked by psychosis and irrational beliefs, and depression or mania

A

Schizoaffective Disorder

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22
Q

Mental illness marked by one or more hallucinations without other features of schizophrenia

A

Delusional Disorder

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23
Q

Mental illness marked by hallucinations and irrational beliefs lasting 1 day to 1 month

A

Brief Psychotic Disorder

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24
Q

Mental illness marked by psychotic symptoms in a mother following the birth of her child

A

Postpartum Psychosis

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25
Q

Model that assumes early brain changes and gradual changes over life progress to full-blown symptoms

A

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

  • Biological Vulnerabilities
  • Key Brain and Neurochemical Differences
  • Psychological Vulnerabilities
  • Stressful Life Events, Increased Life Demands, Lack of Social Support and Intervention
  • Possible Psychotic Disorder
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26
Q

Biological Vulnerabilities Includes

A

Early viruses and infections, genetic contributions, pregnancy complications

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27
Q

Key Brain and Neurochemical Differences Includes

A

Enlarged ventricles, frontal and temporal lobe differences, excess dopamine

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28
Q

Psychological Vulnerabilities Includes

A

Cognitive deficits, academic and motor problems, excessive substance use, and depression

29
Q

State of understanding the thoughts and beliefs of others

A

Theory of Mind

30
Q

Older class of drugs that works by reducing excess levels of dopamine in the brain

A

Typical Antipsychotic

31
Q

Newer class of drugs that impact dopamine receptors and other neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin

A

Atypical Antipsychotic

32
Q

Unwanted byproduct from certain drugs involving involuntary movements of different parts of the body

A

Extrapyramidal Effect

33
Q

Treatment approach involving the encouragement of a patient to engage in prosocial and therapeutic activities

A

Milieu Therapy

34
Q

Operant conditioning system in which desired behaviors are promoted through reinforcements

A

Token Economy

35
Q

Eliana has been diagnosed with an anxiety disorder, which is

A

More of a neurosis than psychosis.

36
Q

Jeremy’s sister announces that she is engaged to a fellow the family has long adored. Everyone is delighted, yet Jeremy barely reacts to the news. Later, his boss at work praises his attention to detail and suggests that Jeremy may be ready for advancement on the job, and Jeremy does not respond with happiness at all. When he gets home that night, he finds out that his dad had a major stroke and is critically ill, and Jeremy again expresses no emotion in response to this news. Jeremy has

A

Flat Affect

37
Q

Amelia is convinced that God is sending her special, secret messages that she needs to convey to the Governor of Missouri. Amelia is experiencing

A

Delusions

38
Q

Seeing things that aren’t there and hearing voices that aren’t there are ________ symptoms of schizophrenia.

A

Positive

39
Q

Gordon is watching the nightly news, and believes that each story contains a special, top-secret message for him. This is an example of a(n) ________ delusion.

A

Referential

40
Q

Jaxon has seemed really out of touch with reality for a while, but he doesn’t seem delusional or experience hallucinations. Instead, it is more as if he cannot come up with a plan of action and execute it. He doesn’t seem to realize he needs to take a shower and he doesn’t seem interested in any kind of work. Which symptom of schizophrenia does Jaxon have?

A

Avolition

41
Q

Breckin has just moved out of the house to attend university. While at college, she becomes increasingly withdrawn socially, seems to be somewhat disorganized in her thought processes, has problems focusing attention and remembering, and seems somewhat depressed. Later on, she develops psychotic symptoms and is diagnosed with schizophrenia. But, during those first few months at university as the symptoms just are emerging, Breckin is in the ________ of the disease.

A

Prodromal Phase

42
Q

Which person best fits the epidemiological profile for someone at risk for schizophrenia in terms of gender and age demographics?

A

Tyson, who is 22 years old

43
Q

Which person will be best able to counteract stigma associated with a diagnosis of schizophrenia?

A

Amanda, who has a large network of close, supportive friends.

44
Q

Ricka has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Her physician is preparing to try a medication that will

A

Lower dopamine levels.

45
Q

Adam does not seem to understand what other people are thinking, and consequently cannot anticipate well how people might react, or read their reactions. Adam has poor

A

Theory of Mind

46
Q

According to the two-hit model, a schizophrenia prevention program would likely target all of the following EXCEPT

a. use of foster care rather than institutional placements.
b. social skills training to improve abilities to interact with others.
c. family therapy to improve communication skills.
d. minimizing reproductive capacity of people with schizophrenia.

A

d. minimizing reproductive capacity of people with schizophrenia.

47
Q

Christian has a lot of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Which drug will likely help improve these symptoms the MOST?

A

Clozapine (Atypical Medication)

48
Q

Edward has been taking a typical antipsychotic drug for a while, and his parents have noticed that he is making strange grimaces with his mouth for no reason at all. His psychiatrist tells them it is a side effect to the medication known as

A

Tardive Dyskinesia.

49
Q

Therapy for schizophrenia that focuses on eating, dressing, grooming, and interacting appropriately with others is

A

Milieu Therapy

50
Q

Negative symptoms include behaviors, emotions, and thoughts that are considered _______ .

A

Deficient

51
Q

Dr. Cohen is making a list of the various positive symptoms of schizophrenia he has observed in his 25-plus years as a practicing mental health specialist. Here is one of these symptoms:
The patient often reported feeling as if someone were pinching various parts of his body, even when alone.
This is an example of _______ of the _______ type.

A
  • A Hallucination

- Tactile

52
Q

A key positive symptom of schizophrenia is a delusion, characterized by an irrational belief involving a misperception of reality. Of the following three statements, select the one that is an example of a somatic delusion:
Statement 1: The events that newscasters choose to report on the evening news contain hidden messages, informing me of my next secret mission.
Statement 2: Even though the doctors tell me otherwise, I know that my body is infected with parasites.
Statement 3: Everyone who tries to tell me I am wrong when I say I am on the list to receive a Nobel Prize is secretly just jealous and can’t admit the truth.

A

Statement 2

53
Q

Common negative symptoms in cases of schizophrenia include flat affect, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia. Which of the following symptom descriptions would most likely be included in the hospital record for a person exhibiting signs of flat affect?

A

The patient had no emotional reaction when told of the passing of his mother, to whom he was close.

54
Q

Some people with schizophrenia develop symptoms across a series of four stages.
Before a person experiences the _______ , characterized by the presence of one’s initial positive symptoms, a person must show signs of minor disturbances in behavior and cognition during the _______ .

A
  • Psychotic Prephase

- Prodromal Phase

55
Q

Schizophrenic symptoms that disappear within six months

A

Schizophreniform disorder

56
Q

A combination of having schizophrenic symptoms and a mood disorder

A

Schizoaffective disorder

57
Q

Possible distress caused by false beliefs, but patient’s functioning otherwise unaffected

A

Delusional disorder

58
Q

Ability to function regained within a few weeks after appearance of schizophrenic symptoms

A

Brief psychotic disorder

59
Q

Researchers exploring the prevalence of schizophrenia have found that more _______ are diagnosed with the disorder than the opposite gender.

A

Men

60
Q

Research has also been conducted on the prevalence of psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia. One possible explanation for the extremely low prevalence for _______ is that the symptoms of this disorder are highly similar to the prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia, a point at which many people would not yet seek help and thus would not be included in statistics for this disorder.

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

61
Q

Psychotic Disorder Risk Factors: Prental Vulnerability

A

Genetic Contributions

62
Q

Psychotic Disorder Risk Factors: Neurochemical Vulnerability

A

Excess levels of dopamine, causing motor problems and positive symptoms

63
Q

Psychotic Disorder Risk Factors: Environmental Vulnerability

A

Increased life demands and stressful life events

64
Q

Psychotic Disorder Risk Factors: Psychological Vulnerability

A

Coping with stressful life events through substance use

65
Q

This developmental pathway is an example of the theory behind the neurodevelopmental hypothesis. Which of the following statements characterizes this theory?

A

Early prenatal vulnerabilities affect brain areas as a person ages, leading to full-blown symptoms as deficits slowly progress.

66
Q

Theories proposed to explain the development of psychotic disorders also provide insight on how best to prevent them. Researchers propose a _______ for addressing the needs of children who both have a biological vulnerability for developing the disorder and have experienced an extreme environmental stressor.

A

Two-Hit Model of Schizophrenia

67
Q

The more crucial type of assessment is the _______ because of its ability to evaluate the more covert symptoms of schizophrenia, including a person’s memory, problem-solving, and decision-making skills.

A

Cognitive Assessment

68
Q

Biological treatment is often accompanied by psychological treatment aimed at enhancing a person’s quality of life. Here is a portion of a treatment plan for Felix, who was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia:
I want to work specifically on having Felix understand the benefits of taking medication, as well as realistically preparing for the side effects. We really need him to understand that for him to lead a stable life, he must be taking his medication.
This is an example of _______

A

Medication Compliance

69
Q

The prognosis for many cases of schizophrenia depends on various factors. Which of the following people would you predict to have the best outcome?

A

A woman with good social skills and symptoms that are responsive to antipsychotics.

PSY 341 (5 decks)

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