Chapter 12 Flashcards
(26 cards)
one reason that cats kill when they may not be hungry is that the killing behavior is
rewarding
A reason animals get bored and seek new things to do is to maintain an
minimum level of sensory stimulation
Neural circuits are strongly modulated by which sense
smell and taste or chemical senses
Why is free will inadequate to explain why we do the things we do
In general, behavior is controlled by neural circuits that are modulated by a wide range of factors
The receptor surface for olfaction is the
olfactory epithelium
olfaction and gustatory pathways eventually merge in the orbitofrontal cortex, leading to the perception of
flavor
chemosignals that convey information about the sender are called
pheromones
The perception of bitter is related to both ____ and _____
allele of the taste receptor gene, TAS2R38; number of taste buds
how does a limited number of receptor types allow us to smell many different odors
Any given odorant stimulates a unique pattern of receptors, and the summed activity, or pattern of activity, produces our perception of a particular odor
Skinner argued that behaviors could be shaped by _____ in the environment
rewards or reinforcers
John Garcia used the phenomenon of ____ to discourage coyotes from killing lambs
taste-adversion learning
The brain of a species is pre wired to produce ____ to specific sensory stimuli selected by evolution to prompt associarions between cerain enviornment events
innate releasing mechanisms or IRMs
When a fly wanders around on a table, it is not exploring as much as _____
tasting
Explain how the concept of preparedness accounts for puzzling human behaviors
When two unrelated events are experienced together they become inadvertently associated. For example, unexpected pain in the presence of a stranger may lead to a faulty association between the events.
The two different types of motivated behaviors are ____ behaviors, which maintain homeostasis and _____ behaviors, encompassing basically all other behaviors
regulatory, nonregulatory
The brain’s homeostat for many functions is found in the _____
hypothalamus
The three structures housing the major behavioral circuitry involved in motivation and emotion are ___ ___ and ____
hypothalamus, limbic system, and frontal lobes
The pre frontal cortex has three main subdivisions
dorsolateral, orbitofrontal, and medial
Damage to the _____ is the primary cause of Kluver-Bucy syndrome
amygdala
The anterior pituitary gland produces
hormones
Contrast the functions of the limbic system and the frontal lobe
The limbic system stimulates emotional reactions and species-typical behaviors, where as the frontal lobes generate the rationale for behavior at the right time and context, taking factors such as external events and internal information into account
The three main hypothalamic regions that control feeding are ______ ________ and _____
lateral hypothalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, and paraventricular nucleus
The key structures in the control of sexual behavior are the _______ and the _
hypothalamus, amygdala
The two types of effects that hormones exert of the brain are ______ and ______
organizing, activating
