Chapter 12

Question 0

Define self-report?

Answer 0

A method in which a person provides subjective information about their own thoughts, feelings, or behaviours, typically via questionnaire or interview.

Question 1

Define personality?

Answer 1

An individuals characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

Question 2

What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory?

Answer 2

A well-researched, clinical questionnaire used to asses personality and psychological problems.

Question 3

Define projective tests?

Answer 3

Tests designed to reveal inner aspects of individuals personalities by analysis of their responses to a standard series of ambiguous stimuli.

Question 4

Define Rorschach Inkblot test?

Answer 4

A projective technique in which respondents inner thoughts and feelings are believed to be revealed by analysis of their responses to a set of unstructured inkblots.

Question 5

What is the Thematic apperception test?

Answer 5

A projective technique in which respondents underlying motives, concerns, and the way they see the social world are believed to be revealed through analysis of the stories they make up about ambiguous pictures of people.

Question 6

Define the Big Five?

Answer 6

The traits of the five-factor model: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 7

Define psychodynamic approach?

Answer 7

An approach that regards personality as formed by needs, strivings, and desires largely operating outside of awareness motives that also can produce emotional disorders.

Question 8

define dynamic unconscious?

Answer 8

An active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the persons deepest instincts and desires, and the persons inner struggle to control those forces.

Question 9

Define id?

Answer 9

the part of the mind containing the drives present at birth; it is the source of our bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives.

Question 10

Define superego?

Answer 10

The mental system that reflects internationalization of cultural rules, mainly learned as parents exercise their authority.

Question 11

Define ego?

Answer 11

The component of personality, developed through contact with the external world, that enables us to deal with life’s practical demands.

Question 12

Define defense mechanism?

Answer 12

unconscious coping mechanism that reduces anxiety generated by threats from unacceptable impulses.

Question 13

Define psychosexual stages?

Answer 13

Distinct early life stages through which personality is formed as children experience sexual pleasures from specific body areas and caregivers redirect or interfere with those pleasures.

Question 14

Define fixation?

Answer 14

A phenomenon in which a persons pleasure seeking drives become psychologically stuck, or arrested, at a particular psychosexual stage.

Question 15

What is the oral stage?

Answer 15

The first psychosexual stage in which experience centres on the pleasures and frustrations associated with the mouth, sucking, and being fed.

Question 16

What is the anal stage?

Answer 16

The second psychosexual stage, in which experience is dominated by the pleasures and frustrations associated with the anus, retention and expulsion of feces and urine, and toilet training.

Question 17

What is the phallic stage?

Answer 17

The third psychosexual stage in which experience is dominated by the pleasure, conflict and frustration associated with phallic genital region as well as coping with powerful incestuous feelings of love, hate, jealousy, and conflict.

Question 18

Define Oedipus conflict?

Answer 18

A developmental experience in which a childs conflicting feelings toward the opposite sex parent are resolved by identifying with the same sex parent.

Question 19

What is the latency stage?

Answer 19

The fourth psychosexual stage in which the primary focus is on further development of intellectual, creative, interpersonal, and athletic skills.

Question 20

what is the genital stage?

Answer 20

The fifth and final psychosexual stage, the time for the coming together of the mature adult personality with a capacity to love, work, and relate to others in a mutually satisfying and reciprocal manner.

Question 21

Define self-actualizing tendency?

Answer 21

The human motive toward realizing our inner potential.

Question 22

Define existential approach?

Answer 22

A school of thought that regards personality as governed by an individuals ongoing choices and decisions in the context of the realities of life and death.

Question 23

Define social cognitive approach?

Answer 23

An approach that views personality in terms of how the person thinks about the situations encountered in daily life and behaves in response to them.

Question 24

Define the person situation controversy?

Answer 24

The question of whether behaviour is caused more by personality or by situational factors.

Question 25

Define personal constructs?

Answer 25

Dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences.

Question 26

Define outcome expectancies?

Answer 26

A persons assumptions about the likely consequences of a future behaviour.

Question 27

Define locus of control?

Answer 27

A persons tendency to perceive the control of rewards as internal to the self or external in the environment.

Question 28

define self concept?

Answer 28

a persons explicit knowledge of his or her own behaviours, traits, and other personal characteristics.

Question 29

Define self verification?

Answer 29

The tendency to seek evidence to confirm the self concept.

Question 30

Define self-esteem?

Answer 30

The extent to which an individual likes, values, and accepts the self.

Question 31

Define self serving bias?

Answer 31

Peoples tendency to take credit for their successes but downplay responsibility for their failures.

Question 32

Define Narcism?

Answer 32

A trait that reflects a grandiose view of the self combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others.