chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term for a reactor that accepts a steady flow of raw materials, solvents, catalysts, and recycle streams?

A

Continuous reactor

Repeating-cycle reactor

answer A

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2
Q

What is a type of continuous reactor used by wastewater plants to remove harmful products before discharging clean water?

A

Furnaces

Digesters

answer B

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3
Q

Besides being used to absorb excess heat, what is the function of a diluent such as nitrogen in a gas phase reactor?

A

To dilute reactants to a safe concentration

To decrease residence time

answer A

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4
Q

The recipes, operating conditions, and sizes of continuous reactors are ________ laboratory experiments.

A

much different from

rarely any different from

answer A

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5
Q

When a product stream contains unreacted raw material along with product, what happens to the unreacted material?

A

It is filtered off and discarded.

it is burned off

It is recycled and turned back

answer c

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6
Q

How can plants slow the reaction down and limit the amount of heat generated by reactions that might proceed too quickly and generate heat too rapidly?

A

By diluting the raw materials in a solvent

By changing to a batch reaction approach

answer A

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7
Q

Steady temperature, pressure, level, and feed flow in a continuous reactor during normal operation should produce what result?

A

Satisfactory product stream composition about 50% of the time

A consistent product stream composition

answer B

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8
Q

What do process technicians in a continuous reactor operation do routinely during their shift?

A

Collect and analyze reactor samples.

Perform emergency shutdowns.

answer A

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9
Q

In ________ continuous-flow reactions, redundant (backup) temperature and pressure instruments are required for safety.

A

endothermic

exothermic

answer B

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10
Q

What may happen if the reactor cools off or depressurizes?

A

The reaction may stop.

it can possibly explode

answer A

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11
Q

What may result if catalyst ages and deactivates over time?

A

Performance may degrade.

No action is required

answer A

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12
Q

How does continuous reactor startup compare with normal operations?

A

They require more monitoring but less sampling.

They require more monitoring and sampling.

answer B

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13
Q

Why does the solvent ratio start out relatively high during startup?

A

To dilute the reaction mixture and maximize the heat released

To dilute the reaction mixture and limit the heat rel

eased

answer B

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14
Q

What can occur in a continuous reactor when unreacted raw material concentration rises above a safe level?

A

Off-spec product

A runaway reaction

answer B

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15
Q

When is the potential for pooling highest?

A

When there are no unreacted materials present

When starting up or cooling down a reactor

answer B

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16
Q

Besides following established procedures, what can minimize the process technician’s potential for exposure during sampling?

A

Donning proper PPE

Using robotic hands

answer A

17
Q

Which would improve conversion in a fixed bed reactor?

A

Increasing feed rate

decreasing feed rate

answer A

18
Q

Which would improve conversion in a stirred tank reactor operating in continuous mode?

A

increasing level

decreasing level

answer A

19
Q

Which best describes a tubular reactor?

A

A reactor in which the catalyst is constantly moving and being regenerated.

A jacketed pipe or multi-tube in shell reactor

answer B