Chapter 12 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the living composition of blood
A
- RBCs
- WBCs
- Platelets
2
Q
What are the non-living compositions of blood
A
- Plasma
3
Q
What percent of blood is “formed elements”
A
- 45%
4
Q
What percent of blood is plasma
A
55%
5
Q
What makes up the “formed elements” in blood
A
- Platelets
- RBCs
- WBCs
6
Q
What are the 5 different types of WBCs?
A
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Leukocytes
7
Q
Out of the 5 types of WBCs rank them from what makes up most of the WBC count to the least.
A
- Neutrophils
- Lympocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
8
Q
What are the 8 parts of plasma??
A
- Electrolytes
- H2O
- Proteins
- Waste
- Nutrients
- Hormones
- Vitamines
- Gases
9
Q
What are the types of gasses we can find in plasma?
A
- N2
- O2
- CO2
10
Q
What are the 3 types of proteins found in plasma?
A
- Albumin
- Globulin
- Firbrinogen
11
Q
What is plasma made out of?
A
- 90% H2O
- 10% other
- Salts, gases, minerals, enzymes, hormones and proteins
12
Q
What is another word for RBC?
A
- Erythrocytes
13
Q
What is another word for WBC?
A
- Leukocytes
14
Q
What is another word for platelets?
A
- Thrombocytes
15
Q
What is important about RBCs?
A
- They are produced in bone
(Red marrow) - Carry O2 around blood vessels
- Each hemoglobin holds 4 O2 moles
16
Q
What is important about WBCs?
A
- Pass out off blood vessels into other tissues
- They contain nuclei
- There are significantly less WBC than RBCs
17
Q
What are the two types of white blood cells?
A
- Granulates: Has dots
- Agranulates: No dots
18
Q
What is important about platelets?
A
- They DO NOT contain a nuclei
- They are much smaller than RBCs and WBCs
- Because they are fragments of leftover cells
- Responsible for clotting when you are wounded
19
Q
What is thrombosis?
A
Unnecessary clotting
20
Q
What is the buffy coat?
A
Its made up of both WBCs and platelets
21
Q
What are the types of granulocytes?
A
- Basophils
- Eosinophil
- Neutrophils
22
Q
What are Neutrophils?
A
- They are the most common leukocyte
- Quickly produced during infection
- Engulf and destroy foreign invaders
-Ex: Bacterial infection
23
Q
What are Eosinophils?
A
- 2 lobed nuclei
- Assist with allergic reactions (Calming)
- Has the largest granules
- Stained pink-red
- Kill of parasitic worms
24
Q
What are basophils?
A
- They release histamines
- They help to dilate blood vessels so other leukocytes can rush to the site
25
What are lymphocytes?
- They are found most in lymph organs
- They are large, spherical (Themselves and the nucleus)
- They are a starter: They can become a T or B cell
26
What are Monocytes?
- They are a starter: When they leave the blood vessels and go into the tissue they become macrophages to attack viruses, parasites, bacteria ect.
27
What are the kinds of agranulocytes?
1. Monocytes
2. Lymphocyte
28
Where is hematopoiesis found?
1. In bones:
- Red bone marrow
- Fetus/Newborn elsewhere
29
How does the hematopoiesis work?
1. Red bone marrow
2. Hematopoietic stem cells
3. one of these 3...
- Erythropoietin (RBCs)
- Trombopoitn (Platelets)
- CSF (Colony stimulating factor)/Interleukins (WBCs)
30
Hemocytoblasts differentiate into..
All the different formed parts of blood.
31
What does hemostasis mean?
- Maintain Blood Pressure
32
What are the 3 stages of hemostasis?
1. Blood vessels contract to slow down blood loss at the wound
2. Platelets are chemically attracted to the wounded epithelial cells
3. Tissue releases tissue factor which reacts with fibrinogin to make thrombin and fibrin.
33
What is the lifespan of RBCs?
- 120 days (4 months)
- Gas exchange O2 in, CO2 out
34
Deaths of RBCs?
- RBCs are damaged or fragile macrophages phagocytize them.
35
What are blood clots?
- Coagulation: Pieces sticking together
- It's good when injured
36
What are abnormal clot formations?
- Thrombosis
- Embolisms
37
What is thrombus and thrombosis?
- Thrombus: The clot
- Thrombosis: The disease
38
What is it called once a clot moves:
- Embolus/Embolism
39
What are 3 places you 100% don't want a blood clot?
1. Brain
2. Lungs
3. Heart
40
What are some clots that can cause in the brain, lungs, and heart?
Brain: Stroke
Heart: Heart attack
Lungs: Pulmonary embolism
41
Who can A receive blood from
A+O
42
Who can B receive blood from
B+O
43
Who can AB receive blood from
AB+A+B+O
44
Who can O receive blood from
O
45
Who can A give blood too
A + AB
46
Who can B give blood too
B + AB
47
Who can AB give blood to
AB
48
What blood group has both A+B antibodies?
O
49
What blood group has B antibodies?
A
50
What blood group has A antibodies?
B
51
What blood group has no antibodies?
AB
52
Who is the universal donor
O-
53
Who is the universal recipient?
AB+
54
Who is dominate + or -
+
