chapter 12 Flashcards
Project-based production
only one unit is manufactured at a time. often used for very large projects or for individual customers
examples of project- or job-based production:
custom home construction
haircuts
yachts
Batch production
a method used to produce similar items in groups, stage by stage
Examples of batch production include the following:
bakeries
textiles
furniture
Mass production
manufacturing many identical goods at once
process layout
aims to improve efficiency by arranging equipment according to its function
product layout,
high-volume goods are produced efficiently by people, equipment, or departments arranged in an assembly line
cellular layout
a lean method of producing similar products using workstations to facilitate operations by eliminating set-up and unnecessary costs between operations
fixed-position layout
in which the product stays in one place and the workers go to the product
Material-requirements planning (MRP)
a production planning, scheduling, and inventory control system used to manage manufacturing processes
MRP system is intended to meet the following objectives simultaneously:
- Ensure that materials are available for production and products are available for delivery to customers
- Maintain the lowest possible material and product levels in store
- Plan manufacturing activities, delivery schedules, and purchasing activities
ERP systems
track business resources and the status of business commitments
Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing
strategy that companies employ to increase efficiency and decrease waste by receiving goods only when they are needed in the production process
Gantt chart
a timeline
PERT “program evaluation and review technique.”
analyzing the tasks involved in completing a given project, and to identify the minimum time needed to complete the total project.
critical path method (CPM)
step-by-step technique for process planning that identifies critical and noncritical tasks in order to prevent time-frame problems
supply chain management
is the process of managing the movement of the raw materials and parts from the beginning of production through delivery to the consumer
logistics
the management of the flow of things between the point of origin and the point of consumption
The most reliable source of fresh customer insights is
good marketing information
Marketing research is a systematic process for
identifying marketing opportunities and solving marketing problems
four Ps
Product:
Promotion:
Place:
Price:
four Cs
Customer solution:
Communication:
Convenience:
Cost:
The five stages of the PLC are:
Product development
Market introduction
Growth
Maturity
Decline
