Chapter 12 Flashcards
What does homeostasis mean?
Proper equilibrium
What is intracellular fluid?
Fluid inside the cell 2/3
What is extracellular fluid?
Fluid outside of the cell 1/3
What does osmosis mean?
Movement of water through a semi permeable membrane that doesn’t allow solute to cross
What does diffusion do?
High to low
What does hydrostatic pressure mean?
Pressure of the blood against a vessel wall
What does active transport mean?
Using energy across a concentration grading
What does tonicty mean?
Measurement of concentration of IV solutions compared with osmolaity of body fluids
What does osmolaity?
Concentration of solutes in the body
What does hypo-osmolar mean?
What does hyper-osmolar mean?
What does iso-osmolar mean?
Cell swell ( too little water outside )
Suitable ( perfect )
Cell shrinks ( too much water outside )
What are some methods of fluid replacement ?
Protein
Water
Electrolyte
IV
What are 2 types of intravenous solutions ?
Crystalloids
Colloids
What does crystalloids do?
what are the classifications ?
Is it short or long term maintenance ?
What are examples ? (3)
Treat dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Short term
Dextrose 5, normal saline, lactated ringers
What is colloids?
Are they able to pass the membrane?
Meaning ?^(known as)
This causes the blood to?
What are examples (2)
Protein that increases osmolarity without dissolving in the solution
No
They are plasma expanders
Blood volume increases
Dextran 75, Albumin 5%
Notes
Blood and blood products
Plasma platelets
Cryoprecipitate
Maximum rate of infusion is 4 hours per unit
What is lipid emulsion?
Recommend to patients unable to tolerate oral or enteral feedings for 7 days or more
Contents are primarily soybean, safflower, trigs, egg phosphate,
Provides protein, carbs, electrolytes, trace minerals, vitamins
When infused too quickly, may cause nauseas, vomitting, elevated temperature
Used when patient unable to get nutrition through oral diet
What does potassium function for?
What range is potassium?
Transmission and conduction of nerve impulses
Contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles
3.5-5.0
How do you administer potassium?
Oral or IV
What are foods in potassium?
Bananas
Strawberries
Oranges
Avocados
Tomatoes
Mangoes
Cucumbers
Tuna
Spinach
What are the 3 management of hyperkalemia?
Iv sodium bicarbonate
Iv calcium gluconate
Iv insulin and glucose
What is hyponatremia & Hypernatremia?
What level is sodium ?
Neuro!!!
135-145meq/l
What is calcium range?
What is the big factor of calcium?
Hypo? & hyper ?
8.6-10.2
Muscles!!
Tetany, chvostek & trousseau
Seizures & hallucinations
What is the inverse relationship of calcium?
Phosphorus
What is the normal range of magnesium?
Hypo vs hyper
1.5-2.5
Chvostek sign & yrousseaus
Hypotension & flushing
( neuromuscular )
