Chapter 12

Question 1

A part
of trait theory that postulates
that certain types of people will
become leaders and certain
types will not.

Answer 1

Leader emergence

Question 2

The motivation to
lead as a result of a desire to be
in charge and lead others.

Answer 2

Affective identity
motivation

Question 3

Those who seek
leadership positions because
they will result in personal gain.

Answer 3

Noncalculative
motivation

Question 4

The desire to lead
out of a sense of duty or
responsibility.

Answer 4

Social-normative
motivation

Question 5

A part
of trait theory that postulates
that certain types of people will
be better leaders than will other
types of people.

Answer 5

Leader performance

Question 6

A personality trait characterized by the
tendency to adapt one’s
behavior to fit a particular
social situation.

Answer 6

Self-monitoring

Question 7

According
to trait theory, the extent to
which a person desires to be in
control of other people.

Answer 7

Need for power

Question 8

The
extent to which a person desires
to be around other people.

Answer 8

Need for affiliation

Question 9

According to trait theory, the
extent to which a person desires
to be successful.

Answer 9

Need for achievement

Question 10

The name for a pattern of needs in which a leader
has a high need for power and a
low need for affiliation.

Answer 10

Leadership motive
pattern

Question 11

A projective personality test in which test takers
are shown pictures and asked to
tell stories. It is designed to
measure various need levels.

Answer 11

Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT)

Question 12

An objective test used to measure various need levels. The person reads descriptions of jobs that involve varying degrees of power, achievement, and affiliation needs and rates how
desirable he finds each particular job.

Answer 12

Job Choice Exercise (JCE)

Question 13

A measure
of leadership that classifies a
leader into one of five leadership
styles.

Answer 13

Managerial Grid

Question 14

Leaders who define and structure their roles as well as
the roles of their subordinates.

Answer 14

Task-centered leaders

Question 15

Leaders
who believe that employees are
extrinsically motivated and thus
lead by giving directives and
setting goals.

Answer 15

Theory X leaders

Question 16

The
extent to which leaders define and structure their roles and the
roles of their subordinates.

Answer 16

Initiating structure

Question 17

A leadership style in which the leader is
concerned with both productivity
and employee well-being.

Answer 17

Team leadership

Question 18

A style of leadership in which
the leader is concerned with
neither productivity nor the
well-being of employees.

Answer 18

Impoverished leadership

Question 19

A leadership style
reflecting a balanced orientation
between people and tasks.

Answer 19

Middle-of-the-road
leadership

Question 20

A test
used to measure a leader’s self-
perception of his or her leadership style.

Answer 20

Leadership Opinion
Questionnaire (LOQ)

Question 21

A
test used to measure perceptions
of a leader’s style by his or her subordinates.

Answer 21

Leader Behavior
Description
Questionnaire (LBDQ)

Question 22

A theory of leadership
that states that leadership
effectiveness is dependent on
the interaction between the
leader and the situation

Answer 22

Fiedler’s contingency
model

Question 23

A test used in
conjunction with Fiedler’s contingency model to reveal leadership style and effectiveness.

Answer 23

Least-Preferred Coworker
(LPC) Scale

Question 24

The
variable in Fiedler’s contingency
model that refers to the extent
to which tasks have clear goals
and problems can be solved.

Answer 24

Task structuredness

Question 25

The variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which a leader, by the nature of his or her position, has the power to reward and punish subordinates.

Answer 25

Leader position power

Question 26

The variable in Fiedler’s contingency model that refers to the extent to which subordinates like a leader.

Answer 26

Leader–member relations

Question 27

A training program that teaches leaders how to change situations to match their leadership styles.

Answer 27

Leader Match

Question 28

A theory of leadership that states that there are six styles of leadership (informational, magnetic, position, affiliation, coercive, and tactical) and that each style will be effective only in one of six organizational climates.

Answer 28

IMPACT theory

Question 29

A style of leadership in which the leader leads through knowledge and information; most effective in a climate of ignorance.

Answer 29

Informational style

Question 30

An organizational climate in which important information is not available.

Answer 30

Ignorance

Question 31

A style of leadership in which the leader has influence because of his or her charismatic personality; most effective in a climate of despair.

Answer 31

Magnetic style

Question 32

An organizational climate characterized by low morale.

Answer 32

Despair

Question 33

A leadership style in which the leaders influence others by virtue of their appointed or elected authority; most effective in a climate of instability.

Answer 33

Position style

Question 34

An organizational climate in which people are not sure what to do.

Answer 34

Instability

Question 35

A leadership style in which the individual leads by caring about others and that is most effective in a climate of anxiety.

Answer 35

Affiliation style

Question 36

An organizational climate in which worry predominates.

Answer 36

Anxiety

Question 37

A leadership style in which the individual leads by controlling reward and punishment; most effective in a climate of crisis.

Answer 37

Coercive style

Question 38

A critical time or climate for an organization in which the outcome to a decision has extreme consequences.

Answer 38

Crisis

Question 39

A leadership style in which a person leads through organization and strategy; most effective in a climate of disorganization.

Answer 39

Tactical style

Question 40

A climate in which the organization has the necessary knowledge and resources but does not know how to efficiently use the knowledge or the resources.

Answer 40

Disorganization

Question 41

A theory of leadership stating that leaders will be effective if their behavior helps subordinates achieve relevant goals.

Answer 41

Path–goal theory

Question 42

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader plans and organizes the activities of employees.

Answer 42

Instrumental style

Question 43

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which leaders show concern for their employees.

Answer 43

Supportive style

Question 44

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader allows employees to participate in decisions.

Answer 44

Participative style

Question 45

In the path–goal theory, a leadership style in which the leader sets challenging goals and rewards achievement.

Answer 45

Achievement-oriented style

Question 46

A theory of leadership stating that effective leaders must adapt their style of leadership to fit both the situation and the followers.

Answer 46

Situational leadership theory

Question 47

A leadership theory that focuses on the interaction between leaders and subordinates.

Answer 47

Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory

Question 48

A leadership theory that concentrates on the interaction between the leader and his or her subordinates.

Answer 48

Vertical dyad linkage (VDL) theory

Question 49

A theory of leadership that concentrates on helping a leader choose how to make a decision

Answer 49

Vroom–Yetton Model

Question 50

Power that individuals have because they have knowledge.

Answer 50

Expert power

Question 51

The power that individuals have because of their elected or appointed position.

Answer 51

Legitimate power

Question 52

Leadership power that exists to the extent that the leader has the ability and authority to provide rewards.

Answer 52

Reward power

Question 53

Leadership power that comes from the leader’s capacity to punish others.

Answer 53

Coercive power

Question 54

Leadership power that exists when followers can identify with a leader and the leader’s goals.

Answer 54

Referent power

Question 55

Leadership style in which the leader focuses on task-oriented behaviors.

Answer 55

Transactional leadership

Question 56

Visionary leadership in which the leader changes the nature and goals of an organization.

Answer 56

Transformational leadership

Question 57

A leadership theory stating that leaders should be honest and open and lead out of a desire to serve others rather than a desire for self-gain.

Answer 57

Authentic leadership