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Biology Exam 3 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

monohybrid cross

A

crossing of one allele

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2
Q

dihybrid cross

A

crossing of two alleles

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3
Q

homunculus belief

A

belief sperm contained little people

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4
Q

everything from egg belief

A

females controlled all traits

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5
Q

parental heredity belief

A

males controlled all traits

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6
Q

gregor model

A

father of genetics

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7
Q

law of segregation

A

gametes can only carry one allele for a gene

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8
Q

law of independent assortment

A

alleles are not linked , equally likely

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9
Q

phenotype

A

observable traits from organism

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10
Q

genotype

A

organisms underlying genetic makeup

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11
Q

homozygous alleles

A

two identical alleles on gene

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12
Q

parent generation

A

true breeding

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13
Q

first filial generation

A

offspring cross between parents

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14
Q

second filial generation

A

produced by crossing first filial generation

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15
Q

cross sibs mating

A

mating between siblings

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16
Q

backcross mating

A

mating offspring back to the parent

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17
Q

self cross mating

A

crossing plant or thing with itself

18
Q

true breeding

A

parents w same traits produce same trait offspring

19
Q

dominant allele

A

masks recessive, determines appearance

20
Q

rationale

A

determines whether dominant trait is from heterozygous or homozygous

21
Q

recessive trait

A

trait that is masked by dominant but genetically carried

22
Q

trait

A

characteristic

23
Q

alleles

A

versions of a gene

24
Q

heterozygous traits

A

alleles for same trait differ

25
Q

zygote

A

diploid cell produced by fertilization

26
Q

gene

A

place in DNA strand that codes info

27
Q

locus

A

specific place of gene

28
Q

reciprocal cross

A

previous cross repeated , phenotypic trait reversed by sex

29
Q

wildtype allele

A

most common allele in population

30
Q

mutant allele

A

rare allele in population

31
Q

multiplicative law

A

multiply independent random events

32
Q

additive law

A

sum of random events

33
Q

crossover

A

recombination , two chromosomes exchange segement of material

34
Q

variable expression

A

multiple effects of one trait

35
Q

lethal alleles

A

kill the person who inherits it

36
Q

epistasis

A

expression of a gene at one locus alters phenotypic expression of gene at second locus

37
Q

hemophilia sex

A

linked, recessive disorder

38
Q

sex chromosomes

A

Xx or Xy

39
Q

sex-linked traits

A

traits specifically on sex chromosomes

40
Q

what do punnet squares do?

A

identify parental genotypes, results in 3:1 ratio

41
Q

mendell and his success

A

true bred peas, avoided unexpected traits, large quantities cultivated and evaluted

42
Q

hybridizations

A

mating two true bred indv. with diff traits from one another

Biology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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