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Biology Exam 3 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell DNA packaged as double stranded DNA molecule

A

Genome

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2
Q

Contains several double stranded DNA molecules

A

Eukaryotic genome

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3
Q

Cell division functions in multicellular and single cellular

A

Growth, maintenance, repair

Reproduction

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4
Q

Chromosome

A

DNA molecule

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5
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

Contains two of the same chromosomes

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6
Q

Somatic cells

A

Two matched sets of chromosomes

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7
Q

Gamete cells

A

Sex cells

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8
Q

Diploid

A

Two copies of a chromosome

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9
Q

Haploid

A

One copy of a chromosome

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10
Q

Karyotype

A

Collection of chromosomes arranged by size to look for abnormalities

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11
Q

Heterologous pairs

A

Pairs of chromosomes that don’t match

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12
Q

Where is variation determined

A

Parental genes

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13
Q

What chromosome is gender determined

A

23rd chromosome

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14
Q

Why is DNA compact

A

To fit in nucleus

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15
Q

Heterochormatin

A

Packed and sorted chromosomes

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16
Q

Euchromatin

A

Unpacked chromosomes

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17
Q

DNA wrapped around a protein forms a what…

A

Nucleosome

18
Q

When chromosome is duplicated it forms what

A

A new sister chromosome

19
Q

what is The cell cycle

A

Ordered series of events in the life of a cell

20
Q

Interphase

A

Normal growth and preparation of cell division

21
Q

M phase

A

Replicated DNA , cytoplasm splits , cell divides

22
Q

G1 phase

A

Cell is active

23
Q

S phase

A

DNA replication, chromosomes joined at centromere

24
Q

Centrosomes

A

Mitotic spindles to move chromosomes

25
Q

G2 phase

A

Energy replenishes , organelles reproduce , cytoskeleton breaks down

26
Q

Karyokinesis

A

Nucleus divides

27
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasmic components separate

28
Q

Prophase

A

Membrane organelles disperse, centrosomes migrate to poles, microtubules form, sister chromatids coil tighter

29
Q

Prometaphase

A

Sister chromatids dev. Kinetiochore, microtubules attach to chromatids

30
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate , sisters remain attached by proteins

31
Q

Anaphase

A

Cohesion proteins degenerate sisters move in opposite directions

32
Q

Telophase

A

Chromosomes unravel , spindles depolymerize and make cytoskeleton components , nuclear envelope forms

33
Q

External cell triggers

A

Nearby death cells, growth hormone release

34
Q

G1 checkpoint

A

DNA OK???, enough resources, build enough proteins

35
Q

G2 check

A

DNA replicated, enough proteins?

36
Q

M check

A

Spindle fibers formed? Chromosomes oriented and attached

37
Q

Positive regulators

A

Promote movement to next step

38
Q

Negative regulators

A

Stop advancement of cycle

39
Q

CDK W NO cyclin

A

Inactive

40
Q

CDK W cyclin

A

Active

Biology Exam 3 (6 decks)

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