Chapter 12

Question 1

Calhoun & nullification

Answer 1

individual states have the right to nullify federal laws; Pres. Jackson disagreed

Question 2

Jackson’s background

Answer 2

self-made western pioneer; war hero; man’s man

Question 3

John Q. Adams ancestry

Answer 3

son of 2nd president John Adams

Question 4

spoils system

Answer 4

replacing current govt. employees w/supporters of winner

Question 5

1828 candidates

Answer 5

Democrat Andrew Jackson; National Republican John Q. Adams

Question 6

“corrupt bargain”

Answer 6

alleged deal between Henry Clay & John Q. Adams in 1824 election

Question 7

states’ rights party in 1828

Answer 7

Democrats

Question 8

bureaucracy

Answer 8

appointed officials (not elected ones) carry out laws

Question 9

strong central govt. party in 1828

Answer 9

Republicans

Question 10

mudslinging

Answer 10

attempts to ruin a candidate’s reputation w/insults

Question 11

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 11

said Second Bank of U.S. was constitutional; legal

Question 12

Seminole state

Answer 12

Florida

Question 13

Indian Removal Act

Answer 13

1830; allowed fed. govt. to pay/force Native Americans to move west

Question 14

how 1824 election decided

Answer 14

went to House of Representatives b/c no one received a majority of electoral votes

Question 15

Treaty of New Echota

Answer 15

treaty some Cherokee signed giving up land; U.S. govt. used it to relocate Cherokee

Question 16

Van Buren & the treasury

Answer 16

he persuaded Congress to create an independent federal/national treasury in 1840

Question 17

ESSAY 1: What was the “corrupt bargain” between Henry Clay & John Q. Adams?

Answer 17

• election of 1824
• no one received majority of electoral votes so vote goes to House of Representatives
• Clay as Speaker of the House could use influence to get Adams the win
• Adams could make Clay Secretary of State (stepping stone to presidency)
• Jackson loses & accuses them of a “corrupt bargain”

Question 18

ESSAY 2: Compare & contrast the experiences of Cherokee & Seminole.

Answer 18

CHEROKEE

• refused to sell land
• recognized as separate nation by U.S. govt. in 1790s, but ignored by Georgia
• went to Supreme Court, but Jackson ignored ruling
• some agreed to move & signed Treaty of New Echota (only 500/17,000)
• gave in in 1838 when troops arrived–couldn’t fight back
• Trail of Tears; march to Oklahoma
• 4,000 dead in camps (before march) and on march

Question 19

ESSAY 2 continued

Answer 19

SEMINOLE

• decided to fight removal
• 1835 fought back at Dade Massacre
• attacked white settlements along coast
• surprise & retreat
• 30,000 U.S. troops fighting 3,000 Seminole & Black Seminole
• many captured & forced to move west; others escaped to Everglades
• descendants still live there today

Question 20

ESSAY 2 continued

Answer 20

BOTH

• U.S. govt. wanted their land; Native Americans didn’t want to move
• eventually lost most/all of their land
• dealt with U.S. troops