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BUSA 552 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Sustainability

A

The potential for the long-term well-being of the natural environment

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2
Q

Sustainability includes the assessment and improvement of what 5 things?

A
  • business strategies
  • economic sectors
  • work practices
  • technologies
  • lifestyles
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3
Q

Why is Sustainable Development a top concern for businesses?

A

Because it involves meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

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4
Q

How does the Brundtland Report view sustainable development?

A

Viewed in terms of environmental, economic, and social well-being for both current and future generations

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5
Q

Who developed the Brundtland Report?

A

The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development

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6
Q

What Social Responsibility Domain does Sustainability fall under?

A

Domain of maximizing positive and minimizing negative impacts on stakeholders

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7
Q

How can a company create long-term favorable stakeholder responses?

A

By having a corporate culture that includes a sustainability agenda or a corporate social responsibility (CSR) report

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8
Q

Sustainability, Social Responsibility, and ethics ____ be used interchangeably,

A

Should not

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9
Q

Four reasons social responsibility became such an issue for organizations

A

1) Socially responsible activities can create competitive advantages
2) Both positive and negative information about products and organizations became more available
3) Organizations can use their products and brand identity to create social value, quality, and consumer loyalty
4) Companies use their sustainable and socially responsible decisions to differentiate their firms and promote their products

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10
Q

Coalition for Environmentally Responsible Economies (CERES)

A

A union of businesses, consumer groups, environmentalists, and other stakeholders, established a set of goals for environmental performance

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11
Q

Atmospherics is segmented into what three areas?

A
  • Pollution
  • Climate change
  • Ozone Depletion
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12
Q

Three sources of Air pollution

A
  • Stationary Sources - Factories
  • Mobile Sources - cars/planes
  • Natural Sources - Dust, Volcanic Eruptions
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13
Q

Fracking

A

Occurs when water, chemicals, and sand are pumped into a well at high pressure.

This process fractures the rock layers deep in the ground, allowing natural gas to be extracted

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14
Q

The vital aspect of Acid Rain

A

One country can produce it while another can have the negative impacts

Ex: The US produces the air pollution that causes acid rain in Canada

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15
Q

What global organization addresses acid rain?

A

The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

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16
Q

Kyoto Protocol

A

International treaty was meant to curb global greenhouse gas emissions by having countries voluntarily reduce national outputs

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17
Q

Doha Amendment

A

An extension onto the Kyoto Protocol that focused on ensuring implementation agreements and included an agreement to consider loss and damage in developing countries that are vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change

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18
Q

A Cap-and-trade Program

A

Sets carbon emissions limits (caps) for businesses, countries, or individuals.

Companies are given a certain amount of carbon they are allowed to emit

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19
Q

Purchasing carbon credits from another company allows what?

A

Allows a company to legally emit anything beyond the limit

Purchased from another company that doesn’t pollute as much

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20
Q

What percentages of greenhouse emissions do the EU, US, and China account for?

A
  • EU = 11%
  • USA = 16%
  • China = 29%
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21
Q

What resource is emerging as the most important and contested of the twenty-first century?

A

Water

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22
Q

More than ___ people lack access to improved or uncontaminated water sources; over ___ people live without basic sanitation

A

1) 780 million

2) 2.5 billion

23
Q

What is one of the biggest contributors to illnesses in developing countries?

A

Water pollution

24
Q

Land sustainability issues include what?

A

Include everything from pollution and waste to loss of biodiversity and genetically modified food

25
Q

Land pollution results from what?

A

Results from the dumping of residential and industrial wastes, strip mining, and poor forest conservation

26
Q

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

A

A nonprofit organization comprised of loggers, environmentalists, and sociologists.

The FSC seeks to coordinate forest management around the world and develop a uniform set of standards

27
Q

Urban Sprawl

A

Began in the United States with the post-World War II building boom.

The rise of suburbs

28
Q

Genetically modified (GM) organisms

A

Created through manipulating plant and animal DNA to produce a desired effect like resistance to pests and viruses, drought resistance, or high crop yield

29
Q

Environmental Protection Agency

A

The most influential regulatory agency that deals with environmental issues and enforces environmental legislation in the US

30
Q

The 5 Goals of the EPA:

A

1) Reduce air pollution
2) Improve access to clean and safe water
3) Promote materials management, waste management, and clean sites
4) Enhance joint preparedness for environmental response
5) Enhance compliance assurance and environmental stewardship

31
Q

Clean Air Act, 1970

A

Established air quality standards; requires approved state plans for implementation of the standards

32
Q

National Environmental Policy Act, 1970

A

Established broad policy goals for all federal agencies; created the Council on Environmental Quality as a monitoring agency

33
Q

Endangered Species Act, 1973

A

Provides a program for the conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and the habitats in which they are found

34
Q

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 1976

A

Gives the EPA authority to control hazardous waste from the “cradle to grave”

35
Q

Pollution Prevention Act, 1990

A

Focuses industry, government, and public attention on reducing the amount of pollution through cost-effective changes in production, operation, and raw materials use

36
Q

Toxic Substances Control Act, 1976

A

Requires testing and restricts use of certain chemical substances to protect human health and the environment

37
Q

Food Quality Protection Act, 1996

A

Requirements include a new safety standard—reasonable certainty of no harm—that must be applied to all pesticides used on foods

38
Q

Focus of the Energy Policy Act, 2005

A

Focus is on promoting alternative forms of energy in the desire to lessen U.S. dependence on foreign oil

39
Q

Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)

A

A certification program that recognizes sustainable building practices and strategies

40
Q

___ holds great promise for the United States and has already taken off in many countries

A

Wind Power

41
Q

The major disadvantages of solar power

A
  • The technology remains expensive and inefficient compared to traditional fossil fuel–generated energy
  • The infrastructure for mass production of solar panels is not in place in many locations
42
Q

Why is nuclear power so controversial?

A

Because of the danger associated with nuclear meltdowns and radioactive waste disposal

43
Q

Perhaps the most controversial form of alternative energy after nuclear power is what?

A

Ethanol

44
Q

What are the Pros/Cons of Hydroelectricity?

A

Pros: decreases greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution

Cons: disrupts the lifecycles of aquatic life

45
Q

Green Marketing

A

A strategy involving stakeholder assessment to create meaningful long-term relationships with customers, while maintaining, supporting, and enhancing the natural environment

46
Q

Greenwashing

A

Involves misleading a consumer into thinking a good or service is more environmentally friendly than it really is

47
Q

Puffery

A

Exaggerating environmental claims

48
Q

Approaches to Low Commitment to Environmental Issues

A
  • Deals only with existing problems
  • Makes only limited plans for anticipated problems
  • Operates without concern of long-term impact
49
Q

Approaches to Medium Commitment to Environmental Issues

A
  • Attempts to comply with laws
  • Views issues from a tactical perspective
  • Views environments as more of a threat than an opportunity
50
Q

Approaches to High Commitment to Environmental Issues

A
  • Has strategic programs to address issues
  • Views environment as an opportunity to advance business strategy
  • Conducts environmental audit
51
Q

Stakeholder assessment

A

This process requires acknowledging and actively monitoring the environmental concerns of all legitimate stakeholders

52
Q

What was ISO 14000 developed as?

A

A comprehensive set of environmental standards that encourage a cleaner, safer, and healthier world

53
Q

What is the goal of ISO 14000?

A

Is to promote a common approach to environmental management and help companies attain and measure improvements in environmental performance

BUSA 552 (10 decks)

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