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DAT > Chapter 11.2 Respiration > Flashcards

Chapter 11.2 Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Cnidaria:

A

Simple diffusion ~ Transport gas molecules
Passive transport ~ selectively permeable membrane.
Direct contact with moist environment
No circulatory system

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2
Q

Annelida

A

Simple diffusion
Closed circulatory system ~ oxygen is transported through this system.
- CO2 is taken from tissues to skin - diffuses out

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3
Q

Arthropoda

A

Open circulatory system contain hemolymph

  • oxygen diffuses from outside to cells
  • CO2 diffuses from cells to outside
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4
Q

Arthropoda insects:

A

Have spiracles ~ small openings

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5
Q

Spiracles has small channels called

A

tracheal tubes

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6
Q

Tracheal tubes

A

allow oxygen to diffuse in and CO2 to diffuse out

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7
Q

Arthropoda Arachnids:

A

Book lungs

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8
Q

Book lungs

A

Stacks of flat vascularized membranes inside a chamber that is with outside environment

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9
Q

Fish:

A

Closed circulatory
Have gills
Countercurrent exchange
Have operculum

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10
Q

Countercurrent exchange

A

Fluid flows in different directions

Creates a diffusion gradient over the surface of the gills (more oxygen in and CO2 removed)

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11
Q

What is operculum?

A

opening where oxygen and carbon dioxide enter and leave

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12
Q

Which lung is smaller? Left lung or right lunge

A

Left lung

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13
Q

Left has how many lobes?

A

2 lobes

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14
Q

Right has how many lobes?

A

3 lobes

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15
Q

Pleura:

A

Dual layer membrane that covers each lung

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16
Q

Pleura has how many layers & what are they?

A

2 layers, Outer layer: Parietal layer

Inner layer: Visceral layer

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17
Q

What is the space between each layer called?

A

Pleural space

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18
Q

What is the pleural space?

A

It has fluid that is always at a lower pressure than atm

19
Q

Intrapleural

A

allows for the lungs not to collapse

20
Q

Inspiration:

A
  1. Diaphragm = contacts
  2. Volume of the lungs and thoracic cavity = increases
  3. Pressure in intrapleural space = decreases
  4. Air flows into lungs
21
Q

MOST NEGATIVE PEAK IS IN :

A

Inspiration

22
Q

Pulmonary surfactant

A

Decreases the surface tension in lungs

23
Q

Expiration:

A
  1. Diaphragm & external intercostal muscles (elastic recoil_) = relax
  2. Volume of the lungs and thoracic cavity = decrease
  3. Pressure in intrapleural space = increases
  4. Air flows out of the lungs
24
Q

LEAST NEGATIVE PEAK IS IN:

A

Expiration

25
Q

External intercostal

A

Do inspiration

26
Q

Internal intercostal

A

Do expiration

27
Q

Tidal volume

A

During NORMAL breathing volume of AIR MOVING IN THE LUNGS

28
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Forceful inhalations - more air inspired

29
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Forceful exhalation - more air exhaled

30
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

After a normal tidal exhalation the VOLUME OF AIR LEFT

31
Q

Residual volume

A

Minimum amount of air that MUST ALWAYS BE PRESENT IN LUNGS.

32
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum amount of air that COULD BE EXHALED AFTER A MAXIMUM INHALATION.

33
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Volume of air LUNGS CAN HOLD

34
Q

Pathway of air

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.

35
Q

Nasal cavity has:

A

Goblet cells

Ciliated epithelial cells

36
Q

Function of Goblet cells

A

secrete mucus

37
Q

Function of Ciliated epithelial cells

A

move debris that is trapped

38
Q

Pharynx has:

A

ciliated epithelial cells ~ dispose debris

39
Q

Larynx is:

A

Structure in epiglottis that diverts air

40
Q

Trachea has :

A

C-shaped cartilage

cover with ciliated epithelial cells

41
Q

2 Bronchi:

A

enters lungs and divide into bronchioles

42
Q

Bronchioles has

A

small sacs called alveoli

43
Q

Alveoli has 2 types of cells:

A

Type 1: Structural support of the alveoli

Type 2: Produce surfactant

44
Q

Surfactant

A

reduce surface tension - prevent fluid from collapsing

DAT (5 decks)

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