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DAT > Chapter 11.1 Circulatory system > Flashcards

Chapter 11.1 Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

2 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 atrium & 1 ventricle
Pump only deoxygenated blood
Single circulation

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2
Q

3 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 Right atrium & 1 Left atrium & 1 Ventricle

Mix oxygenated & deoxygenated blood

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3
Q

4 chambered heart consists of:

A

1 Right atrium & 1 Left atrium & 1 Right ventricle & 1 Left ventricle

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4
Q

Human heart pathway:

A

Superior or inferior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid (atrioventricular) valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, LUNGS, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/ mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body tissues.

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5
Q

Biggest vein:

A

Vena cava

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6
Q

Superior vena cava function

A

returns deoxygenated blood from ABOVE the heart

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7
Q

Inferior vena cava function

A

returns deoxygenated blood from BELOW the heart

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8
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid = prevent back flow from ventricles to atria

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9
Q

Pulmonary semilunar valve function

A

one way blood flow

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10
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Gas exchange deoxygenated blood.

Carries blood AWAY from the heart

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11
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Oxygenated blood toward heart

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12
Q

Most muscular vein

A

Left ventricle ~ ejects oxygenated blood through aortic semilunar valve into aorta.

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13
Q

Largest artery in the body & highest blood pressure

A

Aorta

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14
Q

Pulmonary circulation:

A

Deoxygenated blood

Vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary arteries, lung

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15
Q

System circulation:

A

Oxygenated blood

Lung, pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid/mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, body tissues.

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16
Q

Heart pumps blood itself via what type of circulation:

A

Coronary circulation

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17
Q

Coronary circulation

A

beings when coronary artier ~ branch off aorta & provide oxygen to myocardium

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18
Q

Myocardium (muscular layer of heart)

A

contains cardiomyocytes

Endocardium ~ beneath the myocardium

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19
Q

Pericardium:

A

sack of fluid surrounding heart

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20
Q

Fluid in sack called

A

Serous pericardium

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21
Q

Serous pericardium contains

A

protein ~ acts as lubricant

reduces friction

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22
Q

Human cardiac cycle:

A

Sinoartrial node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS, purkinje fibers

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23
Q

Sinoatrial node “pacemakers of heart”

A

Greatest automaticity in the heart
Reach threshold & stimulates AP
Parasympathetic vagus nerve
Depolarizes through both atria & send their blood into ventricles

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24
Q

Parasympathetic vagus nerve

A

Default signal ~ to slow down SA node to normal rate of 60-90

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25
Q

Atrioventricular node

A

Adds a brief delay in b/w atria contracting and ventricles contracting
Electrical signal sent to bundle of HIS ~ by AV node

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26
Q

Bundle of his

A

Located in interventicular system

Carries signal to the base of the heart through right & left bundle of his to purkinje fibers

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27
Q

Purkinje fibers

A

Located in walls of ventricles

Coordinates contraction b/w ventricles

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28
Q

Systole

A

Right after ventricles EJECT their blood into arteries

Blood pressure highest

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29
Q

Diastole

A

Right after atria CONTRACT to fill the ventricles
Myocardium relaxed at this point
Blood pressure lowest

30
Q

Lub –> systole

A

Left & Right atria = relaxed
Left & Right ventricle = contract
Semilunar valve = open
Atrioventricular = close/snap shut

31
Q

Dub –> diastole

A

Left & Right atria = contract
Left & Right ventricle = relaxed
Semilunar valve = close
Atrioventricular = open

32
Q

Signal transduction through what? (4)

A

Intercalated discs, Desmosomes, gap junction, syncytium

33
Q

Intercalated discs:

A

contact point between cardiomyocytes (contain desmosomes, gap junction)

34
Q

Desmosomes

A

Proteins hold and adhere cardiomyocytes together

35
Q

Gap junctions

A

Protein tunnels ~ connect cytoplasm of near cardiomyocytes
Allow ions, molecules to directly pass
Propagate action potential

36
Q

Syncytium

A

connection of many heart cells together

37
Q

Syncytium

A

connection of many heart cells together

38
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped from HEART WITH EACH BEAT

39
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped by HEART IN ONE MINUTE

CO = HR * SV

40
Q

Total Peripheral resistance

A

Total amount of resistance that blood faces when flowing

41
Q

Vasoconstriction:

A

blood vessels increase TPR

42
Q

Vasodilation:

A

Blood vessels decrease TPR

43
Q

Mean arterial pressure:

A

Average arterial pressure during ONE CARDIAC CYCLE

MAP = CO * TPR

44
Q

What are 3 three layers of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica Externa

45
Q

Tunica intima

A

contains endothelial cells ~ reduce friction

Surround lumen of blood vessels

46
Q

Tunica media

A

contains smooth muscles ~ control diameter

Above intima

47
Q

Tunica Externa

A

contains collagen protein ~ protect vessel nerve and elastin
Above media

48
Q

Characteristics of arteries:

A

Carry blood AWAY from the heart ~ oxygenated
Elastic vessels - thick tunica media
Hold less blood
Highest blood pressure

49
Q

Characteristics of arterioles:

A 
Carries oxygenated blood 
Smaller diameter 
Resistance vessels 
Blood pressure drops the most 
Vasoconstriction ~ maintain blood temp
Vasodilation ~ cools us down
50
Q

Characteristics of capillary:

A

Branch off to arterioles and connect to venules
One endothelial - thick tunica intima
Smallest in diameter

51
Q

Characteristics of veins/venules:

A

Carry blood TOWARD the heart ~ deoxygenated
Veins are wider
Hold more blood
Lowest blood pressure
Contains valves (skeletal muscle & respiratory pump)
Both: have smooth muscles

52
Q

Effects of abdomen pressure on veins?

A

increase pressure - squeeze veins - moves blood forward

53
Q

Effects of thoracic cavity pressure on vena cava & right atria?

A

Decrease ~ negative pressure in vena cava & right atria = expand = pull blood inside

54
Q

What are 2 portal systems?

A

Hepatic portal vein

Hypophyseal portal vein

55
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

Moves blood directly from digestive tract to liver

56
Q

Hypophyseal portal vein

A

Hormones from hypothalamus enter anterior pituitary

Prevents hormones from being diluted

57
Q

Blood clothing cascade “Positive feedback mechanism”

A

Damaged tissue - exposes collagen
Exposed collagen - causes platelet activation - platelet aggregates - forming platelet plug.
Thromboplastin (released by platelet) - converts prothrombin into thrombin.
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin - blood clots forming hemostatic plug.

58
Q

Which vitamin is important for clothing factors (prothrombin)?

A

Vitamin K

59
Q

Blood consists of:

A

Plasma, leukocytes, erythrocytes, Platelets

60
Q

Plasma

A

contains water, proteins, hormones

61
Q

Leukocytes

A

immune cells, contains nucleus

62
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Anucleate ~ maximizes capacity to carry oxygen
Have antigens (sugars & proteins)
Hemoglobin molecules

63
Q

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

A

anucleate cell fragments

64
Q

What is a precursor to platelets ?

A

Large bone marrow megakarocytes

65
Q

Type of blood universal recipient ?

A

Type AB

66
Q

Type of blood universal donor?

A

Type O

67
Q

Placenta

A

provides oxygen & nutrient supply to fetus

68
Q

Umbilical cord

A

oxygen & nutrients travels to fetus

69
Q

Umbilical vein

A

Carries oxygenated blood entering fetus

70
Q

Ductus venosos

A

allows oxygenated blood entering fetus to flow into inferior vena cava & mix with deoxygenated blood.

71
Q

Foramen ovule

A

oxygenated blood travels from right atrium to left atrium

DAT (5 decks)

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