Chapter 11 Vocab

Question 1

The term can refer to either. Process or to an organizing principal (in other words a theory)

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Evolution is used to mean “___________”.

Answer 2

Change

Question 3

_________ __________ is a group of individuals of the same species that is somewhat independent of other groups, often isolated from them by geography.

Answer 3

Biological population o

Question 4

____________ ___________ is a change in the characteristics of a biological population that occurs over the course of generations.

Answer 4

Biological evolution

Question 5

__________ __________ the differential survival and reproduction of individuals in a population, brought about the evolutionary change.

Answer 5

Natural selection

Question 6

_______ _________ is the process by which populations brought about the evolutionary change.

Answer 6

Natural selection

Question 7

Changes that occur within a biological population are referred to as _____________.

Answer 7

Micro evolution

Question 8

The accumulation of micro evolutionary changes that result in the origin of new species is known as _____________.

Answer 8

Macro evolution

Question 9

__________ ___________ is a statement that provides the current best explanation of how the universe works.

Answer 9

Scientific theory

Question 10

__________ __________ are promoted by numerous lines of evidence and have withstood repeated experimental tests.

Answer 10

Scientific theories

Question 11

All species present on Earth today are descendente of a single common ancestor, and all species represent the product of millions of years of accumulated micro evolutionary Ganges.

Answer 11

The theory of evolution

Question 12

All life shares a common ancestor, called a theory of ________ ________.

Answer 12

Common descent

Question 13

If modern species represent the descendants of ancestors that also gave rise to other species, we should be able to observe other, less obvious similarities between humans and apes in anatomy, behavior, and genes. These similarities are referred to as ____________.

Answer 13

Homology

Question 14

The development of similar structures in unrelated organisms with similar lifestyles.

Answer 14

Convergent evolution

Question 15

Similarities between functional traits in one organism and seemingly nonfunctional or greatly reduced features, or ________ ________, in another.

Answer 15

Vestigial traits

Question 16

The principal behaving a _________ ___________ is that the rate of change in certain DNA sequences l, due to the accumulation of mutations that affect the DNA sequence but not the sequence, seems to be relatively constant with a species.

Answer 16

Molecular clock

Question 17

A _________ ________ is the amount of time it takes for a 1% difference in DNA sequence to accumulate in diverging species is 5 to 6 million years.

Answer 17

Molecular clock

Question 18

The distribution of species on earth is known as ______of life.

Answer 18

Biogeography

Question 19

The remains of living organisms left in soil or rock.

Answer 19

Fossils

Question 20

Humans and human ancestors

Answer 20

Hominins

Question 21

___________ _________ relies on radioactive decay, which occurs as radioactive elements in rock spontaneously break down into different, unique elements known as daughter products.

Answer 21

Radio metic dating

Question 22

The amount of time required for one-half of the amount of the element originally present to decay int the daughter product.

Answer 22

Half-life

Question 23

____________ meaning that there is agreement among observations derived from different sources. ________ is a feature of strongly supported scientific theories.

Answer 23

Consilience