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Biology 100 Cawley #4 > Chapter 11 PowerPoint > Flashcards

Chapter 11 PowerPoint Flashcards

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1
Q

Groups of individuals of the same species and in a given area

A

Biological populations

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2
Q
  1. somewhat independent of other groups

2. often isolated by geography

A

Biological Populations

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3
Q

_______ ________ results in the evolution of pesticide resistance in lice.

A

Natural Selection

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4
Q

Initial lice infestation consists of both susceptible and resistant lice.

A

True

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5
Q

After permethrin treatment, most lice are dead, but a few that are _______ to the pesticide survive.

A

resistant

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6
Q

Reinfestation with the offspring of the resistant lice. The population of lice is now more resistant to permethrin.

A

True

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7
Q

Changes that occur within a biological population

A

Microevolution

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8
Q
  1. easily observed

2. noncontroversial

A

Microevolution

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9
Q

pesticide resistance in crop-eating insects

A

Microevolution

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10
Q

Antibiotic resistance in infectious bacteria

A

Microevolution

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11
Q

Large-scale evolutionary changes that result in the origin of new species

A

Macroevolution

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12
Q

occurs slowly over long periods of time

A

Macroevolution

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13
Q

Controversial among some non-biologists

A

Macroevolution

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14
Q

statement providing the current best explanation of how the universe works

A

Scientific theory

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15
Q
  1. supported by many lines of evidence

2. withstands repeated experimental tests

A

Scientific Theory

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16
Q

All species present on Earth today are descendants of a single common ancestor and all species represent the product of millions of years of accumulated evolutionary changes.

A

Theory of Evolution

17
Q

Modern animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and other living things are related.

A

Theory of Evolution

18
Q

Living things, through various processes, have been diverging from a common ancestor since life originated.

A

Theory of Evolution

19
Q

All life shares a common ancestor.

A

Theory of common descent

20
Q

Controversial part of the theory of evolution

A

Theory of common descent

21
Q
  1. Linnaean classification
  2. Anatomical homology
  3. Vestigial traits
  4. Developmental homologies
  5. Molecular homology
  6. Biography
  7. Fossil Record
A

Biological Evidence for common ancestry

22
Q

Organizes biological diversity and implies common ancestry

A

Linnaean Classification

23
Q
  1. Gave each species a two-part (binomial) Latin name
  2. Latinized his own name: Carolus Linnaeaus
  3. Grouped organisms in a hierarchy (from broadest to narrowest groupings)
A

Carl Von Linne

24
Q

Similarities in skeletal bone structures

A

Anatomical homology

25
Q
  1. Equivalent bones found in each organism

2. Similar structures despite different functions (Mammalian forelimbs)

A

Anatomical homology

26
Q

structural similarities in unrelated species with similar lifestyles

A

convergent evolution

27
Q

no recent common ancestry

A

Convergent evolution

28
Q
  1. Evolution occurred in parallel in different groups
    Ex: bird and bat wings and
    football-shaped bodies in tuna and penguins
A

Convergent evolution

29
Q

nonfunctional or greatly reduced traits

A

Vestigial traits

30
Q

Tailbones in great apes and humans

-no tail

A

Vestigial traits

31
Q

Arrector pilli elevate hair in mammals

-“goose bump” in humans

A

Vestigial traits

32
Q

Similarities in developmental processes from fertilized egg to adulthood

A

Developmental homologies

33
Q

similarities in early chordate embryos

A

Developmental homologies

34
Q

Similarities in DNA sequences

A

Molecular homologies

35
Q

Closely related species have more similar genes

A

Molecular homologies

36
Q

Birds in the same genus have more recent common ancestors and more similar DNA sequences.

A

Molecular homologies

True

37
Q

Distantly classified birds have less similar DNA.

A

Molecular homologies

True

Biology 100 Cawley #4 (17 decks)

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