Chapter 11: Stages of Change and Motivational Interviewing Flashcards
What are the five stages of change? Explain each one.
The stages of change are also sometimes known as the transtheoretical model. This
theory is used to describe the stages of behavior change that someone may be in and recognize the factors needed to modify behaviors. There are five stages of change.
a. Pre-contemplation stage has the client with no intention of addressing a behavior.
b. Contemplation stage is when the client is aware of the need for change but have
barriers to overcome it.
c. Preparation stage is when someone has the desire to change, but they are also
seeking a way to do it.
d. Action stage is when someone is taking the needed steps to address their own
behaviors and change them.
e. Maintenance stage is when someone is continuing to do what is needed for them
to keep going with their desired behavior.
Know the 3 Elements of Motivation. Give examples of what it looks like when a client achieves each.
Motivation is the reason behind the behavior chosen by people. We see that it is made up of three main elements. These three things are autonomy, mastery, and purpose. Autonomy is used to describe the ability for someone to govern themselves and the capacity for them to act in accordance with objective guidelines instead of being influenced simply by whims and desires. When people are given more autonomy and have confidence, their motivation increases. Mastery is described as a state of having a full understanding and knowledge for a subject or situation. When people are well educated, confidence is increased, and successful behavior modification and maintenance is achieved. When people are able to achieve mastery over what they are doing, their motivation will increase. Purpose is a person’s goal or their fixed intention. Everyone has their own reason for attempting something, and this is going to tie well into motivation. When people have this deeper sense of purpose for the things they are doing, they are much more motivated to do them.
What is empathy, and how can coaches use it on their clients?
Empathy is a specifiable and learnable trait where the goal is to learn another’s meaning through the use of reflective listening. Empathetic trainers do the following:
a. b.
c.
Communicate respect and acceptance for clients and their feelings. Sincerely compliments people rather than just trying to gain an advantage by belittling the client and the efforts they make.
Listens rather than tells what to do.
d. Gently persuades their clients with an understanding that the decision to change is and always will be the client’s choice.
e. Provides support for the client through all parts of the client’s program to change their body, and life through the use of commentary that supports them.
List the seven strategies for helping a nutrition coach deal with resistance coming from a client.
Nutrition coaches will have to deal with some form of resistance from their clients. It is important to know some strategies to help lessen this resistance. First, a simple reflection can help by allowing nonresistance and repeating the client’s statement in a neutral form to assist them. Second, amplified reflection can be good, as it reflects the client’s statement in an exaggerated form and may move them to more positive change instead of resistance. Third, Double-sided reflection has the coach acknowledging the statement of the client and then restating the opposing statement the client may have stated in the past. Fourth, shifting focus can help the client by shifting their ideas on any barriers and obstacles in their path. Fifth, an agreement with a twist may help by giving the client something to agree with that has a slight twist or change of direction that moves the conversation forward. Sixth, we can reframe ideas, which helps by offering new and positive interpretations of negative information they have received. Last, we can side with the negatives and help the client by playing devil’s advocate.
What five motivational strategies should be used by nutrition coaches?
Some strategies for motivational interviewing to keep this going and to make it most effective are:
a. Ask open-ended questions
b. Listen to the client reflectively
c. Summarize what has been said often
d. Affirm and validate things said by the client
e. Uncover and address ambivalence that may be there
