Chapter 11 Section 1 Flashcards
Calorie
The amount of energy needed to raise temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius
Nutrient
A substance in food that provides energy, or a raw material that the body needs in order to carry out its life processes
Carbohydrate
An energy-rich organic compound, such as a sugar or starch, that is made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates provide the raw materials to make parts of cells.
Glucose
A sugar that is the major source of energy for the body’s cells.
Fiber
A complex carbohydrate found in plant foods that cannot be broken down into sugar molecules by the body.
Fat
A high-energy nutrient that is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and contains more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrate.
Unsaturated fat
A fat, such as olive oil, that is usually liquid at room temperature.
Saturated fat
A fat, such as butter, that is usually solid at room temperature.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found only in animal products that is an important part of the body’s cells; can build up on artery walls.
Protein
A large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur that is used for tissue growth and repair; plays an important role in the chemical reactions of cells.
Amino acid
Small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules.
Vitamin
A molecule that acts as a helper in a variety of chemical reactions within the body.
Mineral
A naturally occurring solid with a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition; a simple element that is not organic and that is needed by the body.
Percent daily value
An indication on a food label of how the nutritional content of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2,000 Calories a day.
