Chapter 11 - SDGs and the WHO Flashcards
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals
11.2
- No poverty
- Zero hunger
- Good health and wellbeing
- Quality education
- Gender equality
- Clean water and sanitation
- Affordable and clean energy
- Decent work and economic growth
- Industry, innovation and infrastructure
- Reduced inequalities
- Sustainable cities and communities
- Responsible consumption and production
- Climate action
- Life below water
- Life on land
- Peace, Justice and strong institutions
- Partnership for the goal
11.2
General points to remember about SDGs
11.2
- Also referred to as global goals
- Includes 169 targets to be achieved by 2030
- Developed through a collaborative process by all UN member states, non-gov organisations, and people around the world w/ interest in making the world a better place.
- They direct action in five areas of importance:
- People
- Prosperity
- Planet
- Peace
- Partnership
11.2
Rationale for the SDGs
11.2
- New goals and targets were needed after Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) finished in 2015.
- Progress in all areas was uneven across regions and countries. This left millions of ppl behind, especially the poorest and those disadvantages due to factors like sex, age, disability, ethnicity and geographical location. This showed that there was still a lot of work to be done.
- New global challenges had emerged and needed to be considered. E.g. increasing conflict and extremism, economic and financial instability and large-scale environmental changes. These challenges had the capacity to diminish many of the achievements that had been made through the MDGs.
11.2
Objectives of the SDGs
11.2
The 17 global goals work together to achieve three major objectives:
* End extreme poverty
* Fight inequality and injustice
* Address climate change
11.2
Key features of SDG3 (actions and outcomes)
11.3
Actions:
* Achieve universal health coverage, including affordable access to quality and healthcare services and essential medices and vaccines.
* Access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
* Strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse
* Strengthen the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
* Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for communicable and non-communicable diseases
* Increase investment in healthcare services and a well-trained workforce
* Strengthen capacity for early warning, risk reduction and management of health and wellbeing risks
Outcomes:
* Reduce maternal mortality
* End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5
* End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases (NTD), and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
* Reduce non-communicable diseases and promote mental health and wellbeing
* Reduce road traffic accidents
* Reduce deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination
* Reduce substance abuse, including drugs and alcohol
11.3
Improving maternal mortality
11.4
- Greater access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
- 4 antenatal care visits
- Skilled birth attendants
- Care and support post birth
- Access to modern contraceptive methods
- Achieving universal healthcare
11.4
Preventing deaths of newborns and children under 5
11.4
- Provide access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services
- Breastfeeding
- Provide access to nutritious food
- Provision of safe water
- Provide access to immunisation
- Increase investment in healthcare services and provide universal health coverage
- Fund research and development into new vaccines to prevent disease
11.4
Ending the AIDS epidemic
11.5
AIDS: caused by the HIV virus, which is transmitted via exchange of fluids such as blood. It destroys the immune system and the body loses its ability to fight infections.
Ending the AIDS epidemic requires a range of actions to be taken at a global level:
* Increased access to prevention services
* Increased access to diagnosis
* Investment in healthcare services
* Investment in ART treatment
* Research and development into a vaccine
* Removing barriers to discrimination
11.5
Ending the malaria epidemic
11.5
Malaria: a life-threatening disease caused by a bite from a female mosquito infected with malaria parasites. It destroys the body’s red blood cells and causes fever, headache, diarrhoea and vomiting. If left untreated, malaria can disrupt the blood supply to internal organs, causing death.
- Investment in healthcare and the health workforce
- Increased access to diagnosis, treatment and prevention
- Mass distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets
- Investment in research and development of new vector control strategies
- Increased access to indoor residual spraying
- More effective medicines
- Access to clean water and sanitation
- Reduce risks caused by conflict
11.5
Ending the epidemic of Tuberculosis
11.5
Tuberculosis: a disease that affects the lungs. It is highly contagious and is caused by bacteria that can spread from person to person via air through coughing and sneezing.
- Provide universal health coverage
- Increased funding for health and wellbeing services
- More trained health workers
- Improved reporting
- Research and development to improve diagnosis
- Research and development for more effective drugs and vaccines
- Access to clean water and sanitation
11.5
Ending the epidemic of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)
11.5
NTDs: a diverse group of 18 diseases that mainly occur in tropical and subtropical environments. E.g. Rabies, dengue.
- Universal health coverage for diagnosis, treatment and medication
- Research and development for new safe and effective drugs
- Cost-effective diagnosis tests
- New forms of non-resistant insecticides
- Vector control
- Veterinary public health measures
- Accurate mapping of diseases
- Access to clean water and sanitation
Vector control: actions taken to control and eradicate the carriers of disease and infection
11.5
Ending the epidemic of hepatitis
11.5
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver caused by a viral infection.
- Universal health coverage
- Large-scale vaccination programs for Hepatitis A, B and E
- Access to clean water and sanitation
- Safe practices in healthcare settings for blood and surgical safety
- Expansion of hepatitis C prevention programs
11.5
Reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases
- Implement taxes on alcohol and tobacco
- Implement the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
- Encourage regular physical activity
- Tax sugar-sweetened drinks and remove them from schools
- Expand health promotion services, especially in low- and middle-income countries
Vector control
Actions taken to control and eradicate the carriers of disease and infection.
Promoting mental health and wellbeing
- Develop and implement anti-discrimination laws and social protection for sufferers
- Better data on number of people who experience mental health and wellbeing issues
- Investment in mental health services to treat and diagnose mental health issues
Describe SDG 1
Aims to eradicate extreme poverty and reduce the proportion of people living under the poverty line by half.
Describe SDG 2
Aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition by ensuring that everyone has access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food.
Describe SDG 3
Aims to promote physical and mental health and wellbeing, and extend life expectancy by addressing the major causes of morbidity and mortality in high, middle and low-income countries.
Describe SDG 4
Addresses the need for girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels and to develop the vocational skills needed for employment.
Describe SDG 5
Aims to empower women and girls by eliminating all forms of discrimination and violence against them. This involves enabling them to reach their full potential, have equal participation in the life of their community and have sexual and reproductive rights.
Describe SDG 6
It is about ensuring that all people can enjoy clean water and adequate sanitation. Clean water and sanitation is essential for health and wellbeing as it reduces pollution and risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, and improves housing quality and environmental conditions by reducing water and soil contamination.
Describe SDG 13
Concerned with the effects of climate change and the need for all countries to take urgent action to reduce these effects. This includes strengthening the resilience and capacity of all countries to adapt to climate-related hazards and natural disasters and improve education, awareness-raising and the capacity of people and organisations to take actions that reduce or prevent environmental degradation.
Core functions of the WHO
- Provide leadership and create partnerships to promote health and wellbeing
- Conduct research and provide health and wellbeing information
- Set norms and standards and promote and monitor their implementation
- Develop policies to assist countries to take action to promote health and wellbeing
- Provide technical support and help build sustainable health systems
- Monitor health and wellbeing and assess health and wellbeing trends
The WHO’s strategic priorities and goals
Ensuring healthy lives and promoting wellbeing for all at all ages by:
* Achieving universal health coverage
* Addressing health emergencies
* Promoting healthier populations
The WHO’s mission
To promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable
Achieving universal health coverage
- Services access and quality
- Access to medicines, vaccines and health products
- Health information systems
Addressing health emergencies
- Building capacity to keep the world safe from epidemics and health emergencies
- All people have quick access to essential health services during health emergencies
Promoting healthier populations
- Preventing non-communicable diseases and promoting mental health
- Eradicating high impact communicable diseases
- Addressing health effects of climate change in small island developing states
