Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cognitive Neuroscience > Chapter 11 Review Sheet > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Review Sheet Flashcards

1
Q

The two component system influences the choice of behavior through which two processes?

A

Contention scheduling and supervisory attentional system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is contention scheduling?

A

It enables relatively automatic processing, which has been learned overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is automatic processing the same thing as bottom up or top down?

A

Bottom up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is supervisory attentional system?

A

Effortfully direct attention. Guides action through decision processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the frontal damage affect the choice of behavior?

A
  • Patient appeared disinhibited which leads to the inability to control behavior of urges
  • environmental dependency syndrome; doing someone else’s dishes or hanging a picture in someone else’s house, for example
    -Preservation - repeating the same action or thoughts over and over again
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Metacognition

A

The ability to reflect upon a cognitive process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Damage to what brain area would disrupt the ability of someone to create a hierarchal goal list?

A

The frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three components of the unity and diversity model?

A

The ability to maintain task goals, shifting specific executive function, and working memory updating executive function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is shifting specific executive function (EF)?

A

The ability that allows us to switch from task to task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is working memory updating executive function (EF)?

A

Allows the system to reset information in working memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is psychological inertia?

A

Patients with executive dysfunction, poor at starting in action or behavior, but once engaged, they have a great difficulty, stopping it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the stoop test?

A

A task requiring one to name the ink color in the face of competing info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Patients with which damage brain area are notorious for “wandering off task”?

A

Frontal lobe damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Damage to which brain area results in difficulty with “ task-switching”?

A

Lateral prefrontal regions of the left hemisphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurons in this brain region can distinguish between tasks that have been accomplished versus the task that are about to be performed

A

Prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the self ordered pointing task?

A

Individuals are shown in a ray of items, and you were from 6 to 12, all of which were from the same category. Individuals must pick a new item on each trial. Must keep track of items, not location.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Deficits in which task are reserved after frontal lobe damage, most notably lateral damage?

A

The self ordered pointing task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Increased activity to which brain area is observed in the tower of London task?

A

Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex

19
Q

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity increases for what type of tasks?

A

Harder tasks

20
Q

Which region of the brain is important for sequencing and planning?

A

The dorsolateral prefrontal regions

21
Q

What two tests are the dorsolateral prefrontal regions associated with?

A

The self ordered pointing task (working memory) and the recent judgment task (short term memory)

22
Q

People with executive dysfunction perseverate, which is the action of continuing to engage in the same behavior, in which task?

A

The Wisconsin card sorting task

23
Q

Which brain area is involved in detecting errors or determining the worth of a task?

A

Frontal areas

24
Q

What is a error related negativity?

A

Evidence for a mechanism that helps monitor our performance and detect savers. It occurs 100 ms after an error has been made.

25
Q

The larger the ______, the larger the amplitude of the ERN

A

Error

26
Q

What is a error positivity?

A

The awareness of an error that is in text by Pe. It occurs 200 to 300 ms after the ERN It is also associated with interception

27
Q

What is interception?

A

The ability to sense the physiological condition of the body

28
Q

What is the oops feeling you feel when you’ve made a big mistake?

A

Error positivity

29
Q

What is response inhibition?

A

The inability to stop, interrupt, or abort inappropriate responses

30
Q

What is considered a major subcomponent of executive function and is associated with the frontal lobe?

A

Response inhibition

31
Q

Something a response has consistently been found to engage in what sided network of regions?

A

Right

32
Q

What is the go/no go task?

A

The person responds by pushing a button when certain visual stimulate appear and withholds the response to the other stimuli

33
Q

What is the stop signal task?

A

The person must respond as quickly as possible to a stimulus that appears on the screen. It differs from the go/go task because in this task, you can cancel an ongoing response instead of overriding the tendency to produce a proponent task.

34
Q

If you want to stop ____ response, the right inferior frontal cortex may send a signal to the subthalamic nucleus via the striatum

A

One

35
Q

If your goal is a stop ____ motor activity, the signal is sent from the right inferior prefrontal to the subthalamic nucleus

A

All

36
Q

What is interferance resolution?

A

The ability to resolve conflicts between competing or distracting information

37
Q

How is interference resolution similar to response inhibition?

A

Inhibitory tasks load highly on the common executive function factor for maintaining a task set

38
Q

Distinct areas of the frontal polar cortex activate for Vizio spatial analogies as compared to ________ analogies

A

Semantic

39
Q

Anterior temporal regions involved in semantic processing may also be important for what type of reasoning?

A

Analogical

40
Q

What is the ventral lateral prerenal cortex?

A

It is connected to regions of the middle temporal gyrus, and it plays a role in retrieving storage knowledge that allows retrieval of rules

41
Q

What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

A

It is more involved in the selecting or influencing of how rules should be used, it is not involved in actually setting the rules

42
Q

Someone with orbital frontal damage will have trouble, exhibiting normal _______ learning, reversing a previous response, and higher order thinking

A

Reversal

43
Q

What is the frontal polar cortex important for?

A

Abandoning the current strategy and trying a new one

Cognitive Neuroscience (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions