Chapter 11 Review Sheet Flashcards
The two component system influences the choice of behavior through which two processes?
Contention scheduling and supervisory attentional system
What is contention scheduling?
It enables relatively automatic processing, which has been learned overtime
Is automatic processing the same thing as bottom up or top down?
Bottom up
What is supervisory attentional system?
Effortfully direct attention. Guides action through decision processes.
How does the frontal damage affect the choice of behavior?
- Patient appeared disinhibited which leads to the inability to control behavior of urges
- environmental dependency syndrome; doing someone else’s dishes or hanging a picture in someone else’s house, for example
-Preservation - repeating the same action or thoughts over and over again
Metacognition
The ability to reflect upon a cognitive process
Damage to what brain area would disrupt the ability of someone to create a hierarchal goal list?
The frontal lobe
What are the three components of the unity and diversity model?
The ability to maintain task goals, shifting specific executive function, and working memory updating executive function
What is shifting specific executive function (EF)?
The ability that allows us to switch from task to task
What is working memory updating executive function (EF)?
Allows the system to reset information in working memory
What is psychological inertia?
Patients with executive dysfunction, poor at starting in action or behavior, but once engaged, they have a great difficulty, stopping it
What is the stoop test?
A task requiring one to name the ink color in the face of competing info
Patients with which damage brain area are notorious for “wandering off task”?
Frontal lobe damage
Damage to which brain area results in difficulty with “ task-switching”?
Lateral prefrontal regions of the left hemisphere
Neurons in this brain region can distinguish between tasks that have been accomplished versus the task that are about to be performed
Prefrontal cortex
What is the self ordered pointing task?
Individuals are shown in a ray of items, and you were from 6 to 12, all of which were from the same category. Individuals must pick a new item on each trial. Must keep track of items, not location.
Deficits in which task are reserved after frontal lobe damage, most notably lateral damage?
The self ordered pointing task
Increased activity to which brain area is observed in the tower of London task?
Dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity increases for what type of tasks?
Harder tasks
Which region of the brain is important for sequencing and planning?
The dorsolateral prefrontal regions
What two tests are the dorsolateral prefrontal regions associated with?
The self ordered pointing task (working memory) and the recent judgment task (short term memory)
People with executive dysfunction perseverate, which is the action of continuing to engage in the same behavior, in which task?
The Wisconsin card sorting task
Which brain area is involved in detecting errors or determining the worth of a task?
Frontal areas
What is a error related negativity?
Evidence for a mechanism that helps monitor our performance and detect savers. It occurs 100 ms after an error has been made.
The larger the ______, the larger the amplitude of the ERN
Error
What is a error positivity?
The awareness of an error that is in text by Pe. It occurs 200 to 300 ms after the ERN It is also associated with interception
What is interception?
The ability to sense the physiological condition of the body
What is the oops feeling you feel when you’ve made a big mistake?
Error positivity
What is response inhibition?
The inability to stop, interrupt, or abort inappropriate responses
What is considered a major subcomponent of executive function and is associated with the frontal lobe?
Response inhibition
Something a response has consistently been found to engage in what sided network of regions?
Right
What is the go/no go task?
The person responds by pushing a button when certain visual stimulate appear and withholds the response to the other stimuli
What is the stop signal task?
The person must respond as quickly as possible to a stimulus that appears on the screen. It differs from the go/go task because in this task, you can cancel an ongoing response instead of overriding the tendency to produce a proponent task.
If you want to stop ____ response, the right inferior frontal cortex may send a signal to the subthalamic nucleus via the striatum
One
If your goal is a stop ____ motor activity, the signal is sent from the right inferior prefrontal to the subthalamic nucleus
All
What is interferance resolution?
The ability to resolve conflicts between competing or distracting information
How is interference resolution similar to response inhibition?
Inhibitory tasks load highly on the common executive function factor for maintaining a task set
Distinct areas of the frontal polar cortex activate for Vizio spatial analogies as compared to ________ analogies
Semantic
Anterior temporal regions involved in semantic processing may also be important for what type of reasoning?
Analogical
What is the ventral lateral prerenal cortex?
It is connected to regions of the middle temporal gyrus, and it plays a role in retrieving storage knowledge that allows retrieval of rules
What is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
It is more involved in the selecting or influencing of how rules should be used, it is not involved in actually setting the rules
Someone with orbital frontal damage will have trouble, exhibiting normal _______ learning, reversing a previous response, and higher order thinking
Reversal
What is the frontal polar cortex important for?
Abandoning the current strategy and trying a new one
