Chapter 11 pt 2

Question 1

Define the pituitary gland and its function

Answer 1

-The pituitary gland an endocrine gland located below the brain
-Function is to secrete gonadotrapins

Question 2

What are the two hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?

Answer 2

-Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-Luteinising hormone (LH)

Question 3

Define the function of FSH in females

Answer 3

It stimulates the development and maturation of the ovarian follicle

Question 4

Define the function of FSH in males

Answer 4

It stimulates the epithelial tissue of the seminiferous tubules in the testes to produce sperm

Question 5

In females, the secretion of FSH is reduced as what hormone is increased in the blood?

Answer 5

Oestrogen

Question 6

What does the corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 6

Progesterone as well as oestrogen

Question 7

There is a reduction in production of what as levels of progesterone in the blood increases?

Answer 7

LH

Question 8

What does prolactin horomone do?

Answer 8

-Important in the preparation and maintenance of milk production

Question 9

What does oxytocin hormone do?

Answer 9

Causes uterine contractions

Question 10

What does the hormone LH do in males?

Answer 10

It stimulates cells in the testes to secrete the hormone testosterone

Question 11

What does testosterone do in males?

Answer 11

Important for the development of immature sperm cells into mature spermatozoa

Question 12

What hormones influence the development of the body to sexual maturity?

Answer 12

Males: testosterone
Females; Oestrogen

Question 13

Define the ovarian cycle

Answer 13

The regular series of events that take place within an ovary of a non-pregnant female, associated with the maturation of an ova

Question 14

What is the average length of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 14

28 days

Question 15

Define the menstrual cycle

Answer 15

The regular series of changes that take place in the walls of the uterus of a non-pregnant female

Question 16

Describe the menstrual cycle

Answer 16

-In the first stage, while the follicle is maturing in the ovarian cycle, progesterone causes the endometrium of the uterus to become thicker
-There is also an increase in the number of blood vessels and mucus-secreting glands
-After ovulation, the endometrium continues to thicken and glands within it begin to secrete a watery mucus rich in glycogen
-If ova is not fertilised by a sperm, the corpus luteum degenerates, reducing the amount of progesterone, which results in its breakdown
About 14 days after ovulation, blood from broken-down capillaries, mucous secretion and cells debris from the endometrium are lost via the vagina
-This is menstruation and take place over several days.