Chapter 11 Plant Fibers Flashcards
Name 3 things in this classroom that are made from plants
Curtain, Paper, Pencil
What is a fiber?
A thread or a filament from a plant tissue
What is Phloem tissue?
Plant tissue that conducts the transport of food throughout the plant.
What is wood?
a hard fibrous material that forms the main substance of the trunk or branches of a tree.
What is Xylem Tissue?
Plant tissue that transports water and dissolved materials throughout the plant.
What makes fibers a white color?
Cellulose makes it white
What are Sclerenchyma fiber called?
elongated, thick walled, dead plant cells.
What makes fibers a brown color?
Lignin
What method do they use to extract cotton fibers from the cotton plant?
Ginning
What is Ginning?
the process of removing seed fibers. Derived from the gin engine.
What are the 3 stages of extracting fibers from the stem?
Hackling, Retting, Scutching
What is Retting?
The first process after harvesting a plant to extract the plant fiber.
What is Scutching?
Beating and scraping of the fibers to remove the remaining unwanted tissue.
What is Hackling?
the process of aligning the separate fibers in vertical pins to detangle them.
What process is used to extract fibers from leaves?
Decorticating
What is Decorticating?
a method used for leaf fibers, workers crush the fleshy leaf material and scrape the non fibrous material
What are the main plants we get surface fibers from?
Coconut, Cotton, Kapok
Coconut is in what family?
Arecaceae, Palm family
What process do they use to extract coconut fibers from the fruit?
Retting
How long do they Rett Coconuts?
10 months
Name 2 things coconut fibers can be used for?
Brushes and brooms
Common name for the cotton that is native to India and Pakistan
Tree cotton
Common name for the cotton that is native to Africa and Arabia
Levent cotton
Common name for the cotton native to the Americas, this cotton also makes up 90% of the worlds cotton
Upland cotton
One common name for the cotton that is native to the Americas, this cotton provides the finest quality cotton threads and is popular in Europe
Egyptian cotton
What 2 cottons are from the New world
Tree cotton and Egyptian cotton
What 2 cottons are from the Old world
Levent cotton and Upland cotton
What is a staple?
The cotton hairs
What is the difference between Linter and Lint?
Liner is hard to pull off the seed and Lint is east to pull off.
What invented cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
When did cotton gin begin?
It began Industrial revolution
How many pairs of jeans can you get from one bale of cotton?
325
Which spikey tree provides surface fibers?
Kapok trees
What are Bast fibers?
soft fibers derived from thick walled phloem cells.
What are 3 Bast fibers we talked about in class?
Jute, Linnen, and Hemp
What is the second most produced fiber in the world?
Jute
Give on example of something made jute fiber?
Canvases
What fiber did Egyptians wrap their mummies in?
Linen
Is linen strong?
Yes
Give one example of something made of linen.
Bedsheets
Why is linen so expensive?
The extraction method requires manual labor
What fiber makes up the Declaration of Independence?
Hemp
What are hard fibers?
extracted from leaves of certain plant with long parallel veins.
What are 2 hard fibers we talked about in class?
Sisal and Abaca
Which fiber is extracted from Agave leaves?
Sisal
Which fiber is extracted from the banana plant?
Abaca
Name two items made from banana fibers.
Tea bags and Coffee fibers.
