Chapter 11: performance- enhancing substance and methods Flashcards
Two types of substances talked about in the chapter
hormones
dietary supplemetns
this is the primary example of an anabolic steroid
testosterone
testosterone is this type of hormone
steroid
this are precursors to the synthesis of other hormones and are theorized to increase the body’s ability to produce a given specific hormone
prohormones
this hormone is similar to luteinizing hormone in its structure and function
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
this is a potent anabolic hormone that is secreted by the pancrease
insulin
HGH is this type of hormone
protein
HGH is secreted from this gland
anterior pituitary
this hormone requires injection to avoid its complete metabolism and maintain its effectiveness
HGH
serious side effect of HGH
acromegaly
eyrhropoietin (EPO) is this type of hormone, and is produced here
protein
kidney
effect of erythropoietin
production of new red blood cells
these substances are chemically related to epinephrine and regulates lipolysis and thermogenesis
B-adrenergic agonists
these where originally made for the treatment of asthma
B-adrenergic agonists
the primary ergogenic benefit of this drug is to reduce anxiety and tremors during performance
B-blockers
B-blockers act by doing this
block the B-adrenergic receptors preventing catecholamines from binding
studies have show that B-blockers can do this
improve both slow and fast shooting accuracy
most important EAA
BCAA
leucine
isoleucine
valine
BCAA that is most responsible for stimulating muscle protein synthesis
leucine
this directly activate the Akt/mToR pathway in skeletal muscle
leucine
not effective for inducing nitric oxide or muscle blood flow in healthy individual. also does not appear to have an effect on improving endurance performance in healthy populations
arginine
most effective for trained individuals participating in a high-intensity high-volume resistance training program
B-Hydroxy-Bmethylbutyrate (HMB)
stimulates protein synthesis and decreases muscle protein breakdown by inhibiting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway
B-Hydroxy-B-Methylbutyrate
effective as a performance enhancing substance in exercises inducing a high level of lactic acid, such as multiple bouts of high-intensity exercises lasting more than 60 seconds
B-alanine
has been shown to improve high-intensity exercise performance and training, but is associated with unpleasant side effects consistant with gastrointestinal discomfort
sodium bicarbonate
data has not shown conclusively in relation to sodium citrates ergogenic potential during short-duration, or high-intensity exercise
sodium citrate
may enhance recovery following high-intensity resistance exercise
L-carnitie
effective for increasing maximal strength, power, and lean body mass in both trained and untrained populations
creatine
effective for prolonging endurance exercise, but its effects on sprint or power performance are less clear
caffeine
effective for increasing resistance training volume performance and endurance performance, but not ergogenic in their ability to improve anaerobic exercise
preworkout energy drinks
when combined with caffeine is able to improve aerobic endurance performance. not as effective in improving anaerobic exercise performance
ephedrine
when combine with caffeine and other herbal products, improvemetns in exercise time to fatigue have been reproted
citrus aurantium
