chapter 11 - nervous system; part 2

Question 1

what are glial cells?

Answer 1

supportive cells that support and aid the neurons of the CNS and PNS

Question 2

what are the different types of glial cells?

Answer 2

astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, schwann cell, satellite cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 3

which glial cells are found in the CNS?

Answer 3

astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes

Question 4

which glial cells are found in the PNS?

Answer 4

schwann cells and satellite cells

Question 5

astrocytes

Answer 5

structural support for neurons and blood vessels; influence the functioning of the blood brain barrier and process substances that pass through it; isolate damaged tissue and limit the spread of inflammation; they also help maintain synaptic function

Question 6

ependymal cells

Answer 6

line the ventricles and the central canal of the spinal cord; some are specialized to produce cerebrospinal fluid

Question 7

microglia

Answer 7

phagocytize microorganisms, foreign substances, and necrotic tissue

Question 8

oligodendrocytes

Answer 8

forms myelin sheaths around the axons of several CNS neurons

Question 9

schwann cell

Answer 9

forms a myelin sheath around part of the axon of a PNS neuron

Question 10

satellite cell

Answer 10

support and nourish neuron cell bodies within ganglia

Question 11

myelinated axons

Answer 11

wrapped by several layers of plasma membrane from schwann cells (PNS) of oligodendrocytes (CNS); spaces between the wrappings are the nodes of ranvier; myelinated axons conduct action potentials rapidly

Question 12

unmyelinated axons

Answer 12

rest in invaginations of schwann cells (PNS) of oligodendrocytes (CNS); they conduct action potentials slowly

Question 13

what is a ganglion?

Answer 13

collection of neuron cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

what is a plexus?

Answer 14

extensive network of axons, and sometimes neuron cell bodies, located outside CNS

Question 15

what are the 2 types of matter that nervous tissue can be grouped in?

Answer 15

white and gray matter

Question 16

white matter

Answer 16

consists of myelinated axons; it propagates action potentials; forms nerve tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS

Question 17

gray matter

Answer 17

consists of collections of neuron cell bodies or unmyelinated axons; axons synapse with neurons cell bodies, which are functionally the site of integration in the nervous system; forms cortex and nuclei in the CNS and ganglia in the PNS

Question 18

cortex

Answer 18

outer part of brain, consists of grey matter on surface of brain; outer part of spinal cord, consists of white matter

Question 19

nuclei

Answer 19

clusters of grey matter located deep in brain