chapter 11 - nervous system; part 1

Question 1

what are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 1

1. maintaining homeostasis
2. receiving sensory input
3. integrating information
4. controlling muscles and glands
5. establishing and maintaining mental activity

Question 2

what are the 2 anatomical divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

what does the CNS consist of?

Answer 3

the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

what does the PNS consist of?

Answer 4

sensory receptors, nerves, ganglia, and plexuses

Question 5

what are the 2 divisions of the PNS?

Answer 5

sensory and motor division

Question 6

what does the sensory division do?

Answer 6

transmits action potentials to the CNS; usually consist of single neurons that have their cell bodies in ganglia

Question 7

what does the motor division do?

Answer 7

carries action potentials away from the CNS in cranial and spinal nerves

Question 8

what are the 2 subdivisions of the motor division?

Answer 8

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 9

somatic nervous system

Answer 9

skeletal muscles; voluntary control; consists of single neurons where their cell bodies are located within the CNS

Question 10

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 10

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands; two sets of neurons between the CNS and the effector organs; 1st set = cell bodies within the CNS; 2nd set = cell bodies within autonomic ganglia

Question 11

what are 2 divisions of the ANS?

Answer 11

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

sympathetic division

Answer 12

most active during physical activity; fight or flight

Question 13

parasympathetic division

Answer 13

regulates resting functions; rest or digest

Question 14

what are the functions of the PNS?

Answer 14

detects stimuli and transmits information to and receives information from the CNS

Question 15

what are the functions of the CNS?

Answer 15

processes, integrates, stores, and responds to information from the PNS

Question 16

what do neurons do?

Answer 16

receive stimuli and transmits action potentials

Question 17

what are the 3 major components of a neuron?

Answer 17

the cell body (soma), dendrites, and axon

Question 18

cell body (soma)

Answer 18

primary site of protein synthesis

Question 19

dendrites

Answer 19

short, branched cytoplasmic extensions of the cell body that usually conduct electrical signals toward the cell body

Question 20

axon

Answer 20

cytoplasmic extension of the cell body that transmits action potentials to other cells

Question 21

what are the different types of neurons?

Answer 21

multipolar, bipolar, pseudo-unipolar, and anaxonic neurons

Question 22

multipolar neurons

Answer 22

several dendrites and a single axon; interneurons and motor neurons are multipolar

Question 23

bipolar neurons

Answer 23

single axon and dendrite and are components of sensory organs

Question 24

pseudo-unipolar neurons

Answer 24

single axon; most sensory neurons are pseudo-unipolar

Question 25

anaxonic neurons

Answer 25

no axons, only dendrites; found in brain and retina where they only communicate using graded potentials