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A&P > Chapter 11- Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

who is Santiago Ramon Y. Cajal

A

founding scientist in the study of neuroscience

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS

A

nerves and ganglia

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4
Q

what is the afferent (sensory) division?

A

acquires info about environment (5 senses) + internal senses (baroreceptors)

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5
Q

What is efferent (motor) division?

A

relays decisions from the CNS out to the periphery to cause actions

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6
Q

what are the two divisions of the PNS?

A

Efferent and afferent

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7
Q

T or F: afferent signals arrive at the brain

A

T

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8
Q

T or F: efferent signals “effect” and are the motor output

A

T

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9
Q

T or F: the Somatic nervous system is involuntary

A

F- it is voluntary
Ex: you raise your hand in class

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10
Q

Is the autonomic nervous system automatic?

A

Yes

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11
Q

what are the two types of nervous systems within the autonomic nervous system?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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12
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

fight or flight
makes us take action

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13
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

rest and digest

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14
Q

T or F: the parasympathetic and sympathetic do NOT work together to maintain homeostasis

A

F- they do work together

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15
Q

Explain dendrites

A

the portion of the neuron that typically receives a signal (or stimulus or message)

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16
Q

Explain the soma (cell body)

A

the portion of a neuron that is most typically like other cells (has the nucleus, most of the cytoplasm, most of the organelles, etc.

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17
Q

Explain the Axon

A

the portion of the neuron that typically relays signals AWAY from the cell body towards the next cell in sequence in communication of the signal (to another neuron or to perhaps something like a neuromuscular junction for instance)

18
Q

Explain the Axon Terminal

A

the distal portion of a neuron that converts the “electrical” signal within a neuron to a “chemical” signal in the form of the release of neurotransmitter chemicals.

19
Q

Synapse

A

not an actual STRUCTURE, the synapse is typically the SPACE between an axon terminal and the next neuron’s dendrite….. Or like in the case of the neuromuscular junction…. The space between an axon terminal and the membrane of the cell at the neuromuscular junction.

20
Q

Astrocytes

A

Cells that help to connect neurons and blood vessels together. Form supportive framework in CNS

21
Q

Microglia

A

Cells that are part of the immune response

22
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

Cells that produce CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

23
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

cells that produce myelin that are found in the CNS

24
Q

Schwann Cells

A

cells that produce myelin that are found in the PNS and regenerate damaged nerve fibers

25
Q

T or F: the more myelin that is wrapped around a neuron, the faster the message will be conducted within a neuron.

A

T

26
Q

Concentration ratio of Na+ when neuron at rest inside to outside

A

1:10

27
Q

Concentration ratio of K+ when neuron is at rest inside to outside

A

30:1

28
Q

what is the resting membrane potential?

A

-70mV

29
Q

Depolarization

A

is when the cell membrane potential becomes less electronegative.

30
Q

hyperpolarization

A

the membrane potential becomes more electronegative

31
Q

action potential

A

+30mV

32
Q

Are the gates closed at rest?

A

yes

33
Q

2 reasons why sodium potassium pumps are used

A
  1. to maintain resting potential in a neuron at rest
  2. to return neuron to resting membrane potential following hyperpolarizarion
34
Q

T or F: the message is not in only one part of the neuron at one time

A

F

35
Q

Threshold

A

minimum strength of stimulus needed to generate action potential

36
Q

T or F: net rate of movement for a signal in a myelinated neuron is faster than that for a non-myelinated neuron

A

T

37
Q

what is calcium’s role in synapse physiology?

A

it causes the voltage gated calcium channels to open which results in the influx of calcium. The influx of calcium will drive neurotransmitter filled vesicles in the axon terminal to exocytotically release their neurotransmitter into the synapse.

38
Q

SSRI’s

A

somatostatin reuptake inhibitor
ex: Zoloft, prozac, cymballa

39
Q

SRUI’s

A

seretonin reuptake inhibitors
ex: Zoloft, prozac, cymballa

40
Q

EPSP

A

excitatory postsynaptic potential->depolarization

41
Q

IPSP

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential->hyperpolarization

A&P (4 decks)

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