Chapter 11- Nervous System

Question 1

who is Santiago Ramon Y. Cajal

Answer 1

founding scientist in the study of neuroscience

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

nerves and ganglia

Question 4

what is the afferent (sensory) division?

Answer 4

acquires info about environment (5 senses) + internal senses (baroreceptors)

Question 5

What is efferent (motor) division?

Answer 5

relays decisions from the CNS out to the periphery to cause actions

Question 6

what are the two divisions of the PNS?

Answer 6

Efferent and afferent

Question 7

T or F: afferent signals arrive at the brain

Answer 7

T

Question 8

T or F: efferent signals “effect” and are the motor output

Answer 8

T

Question 9

T or F: the Somatic nervous system is involuntary

Answer 9

F- it is voluntary
Ex: you raise your hand in class

Question 10

Is the autonomic nervous system automatic?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

what are the two types of nervous systems within the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 11

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

fight or flight
makes us take action

Question 13

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

rest and digest

Question 14

T or F: the parasympathetic and sympathetic do NOT work together to maintain homeostasis

Answer 14

F- they do work together

Question 15

Explain dendrites

Answer 15

the portion of the neuron that typically receives a signal (or stimulus or message)

Question 16

Explain the soma (cell body)

Answer 16

the portion of a neuron that is most typically like other cells (has the nucleus, most of the cytoplasm, most of the organelles, etc.

Question 17

Explain the Axon

Answer 17

the portion of the neuron that typically relays signals AWAY from the cell body towards the next cell in sequence in communication of the signal (to another neuron or to perhaps something like a neuromuscular junction for instance)

Question 18

Explain the Axon Terminal

Answer 18

the distal portion of a neuron that converts the “electrical” signal within a neuron to a “chemical” signal in the form of the release of neurotransmitter chemicals.

Question 19

Synapse

Answer 19

not an actual STRUCTURE, the synapse is typically the SPACE between an axon terminal and the next neuron’s dendrite….. Or like in the case of the neuromuscular junction…. The space between an axon terminal and the membrane of the cell at the neuromuscular junction.

Question 20

Astrocytes

Answer 20

Cells that help to connect neurons and blood vessels together. Form supportive framework in CNS

Question 21

Microglia

Answer 21

Cells that are part of the immune response

Question 22

Ependymal Cells

Answer 22

Cells that produce CSF (cerebrospinal fluid).

Question 23

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 23

cells that produce myelin that are found in the CNS

Question 24

Schwann Cells

Answer 24

cells that produce myelin that are found in the PNS and regenerate damaged nerve fibers

Question 25

T or F: the more myelin that is wrapped around a neuron, the faster the message will be conducted within a neuron.

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Concentration ratio of Na+ when neuron at rest inside to outside

Answer 26

1:10

Question 27

Concentration ratio of K+ when neuron is at rest inside to outside

Answer 27

30:1

Question 28

what is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 28

-70mV

Question 29

Depolarization

Answer 29

is when the cell membrane potential becomes less electronegative.

Question 30

hyperpolarization

Answer 30

the membrane potential becomes more electronegative

Question 31

action potential

Answer 31

+30mV

Question 32

Are the gates closed at rest?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

2 reasons why sodium potassium pumps are used

Answer 33

1. to maintain resting potential in a neuron at rest 2. to return neuron to resting membrane potential following hyperpolarizarion

Question 34

T or F: the message is not in only one part of the neuron at one time

Answer 34

F

Question 35

Threshold

Answer 35

minimum strength of stimulus needed to generate action potential

Question 36

T or F: net rate of movement for a signal in a myelinated neuron is faster than that for a non-myelinated neuron

Answer 36

T

Question 37

what is calcium's role in synapse physiology?

Answer 37

it causes the voltage gated calcium channels to open which results in the influx of calcium. The influx of calcium will drive neurotransmitter filled vesicles in the axon terminal to exocytotically release their neurotransmitter into the synapse.

Question 38

SSRI's

Answer 38

somatostatin reuptake inhibitor ex: Zoloft, prozac, cymballa

Question 39

SRUI's

Answer 39

seretonin reuptake inhibitors ex: Zoloft, prozac, cymballa

Question 40

EPSP

Answer 40

excitatory postsynaptic potential->depolarization

Question 41

IPSP

Answer 41

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential->hyperpolarization