Chapter 11: Motivation

Question 1

Define motivation

Answer 1

Motivation: the internal and external factors that stimulate people to take actions that lead to achieving a goal.

Question 2

Define self actualisation

Answer 2

Self-actualisation: a sense of self-fulfillment reached by feeling enriched and developed by what one has learned and achieved

Question 3

Define Motivating factors

Answer 3

Motivating factors (motivators): aspects of a worker’s job that can lead to positive job satisfaction, such as achievement, recognition, meaningful and interesting work and advancement at work.

Question 4

Define Hygiene factors

Answer 4

Hygiene factors: aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over-supervision by managers.

Question 5

Define Hygiene factors

Answer 5

Hygiene factors: aspects of a worker’s job that have the potential to cause dissatisfaction, such as pay, working conditions, status and over-supervision by managers.

Question 6

Define job enrichment

Answer 6

Job enrichment: aims to use the full capabilities of workers by giving them the opportunity to do more challenging and fulfilling work

Question 7

Define time based wage rate

Answer 7

Time based wage rate : payment to a worker made for each period of time worked, e.g. one hour

Question 8

Define piece rate

Answer 8

Piece rate: a payment to a worker for each unit produced.

Question 9

Define commission

Answer 9

Commission: a payment to a sales person for each sale made.

Question 10

Define salary

Answer 10

Salary: annual income that is usually paid on a monthly basis.

Question 11

Define bonus

Answer 11

Bonus: a payment made in addition to the contracted wage or salary.

Question 12

Define profit sharing

Answer 12

Profit-sharing: a bonus for staff based on the profits of the business – usually paid as a proportion of basic salary.

Question 13

Define performance related pay

Answer 13

Performance-related-pay: a bonus scheme to reward staff for above-average work performance.

Question 14

Define fringe benefits

Answer 14

Fringe benefits: benefits given,separate from pay,by an employer to some or all employees.

Question 15

Define job rotation

Answer 15

Job rotation: increasing the flexibility of employees and the variety of work they do by switching from one job to another.

Question 16

Define job enlargement

Answer 16

Job enlargement: attempting to increase the scope of a job by broadening or deepening the tasks undertaken.

Question 17

Define job redesign

Answer 17

Job redesign: involves the restructuring of a job – usually with employees’ involvement and agreement – to make work more interesting, satisfying and challenging.

Question 18

Define quality circles

Answer 18

Quality circles: voluntary groups of workers who meet regularly to discuss work-related problems and issues.

Question 19

Define worker participation

Answer 19

Worker participation: workers are actively being encouraged to become involved in decision-making within the organisation.

Question 20

Define team working

Answer 20

Team-working: production is organised so that groups of workers undertake complete units of work.