Chapter 11: Mechanism of Microbial Genetics

Question 1

What is Central Dogma?

Answer 1

DNA → RNA → protein

Question 2

What is the end product of replication?

Answer 2

Two copies of DNA: one old strand and one new strand

Question 3

What are the general steps in transcription and what is made?

Answer 3

Initiation, Elongation and Termination
RNA copy of DNA is made… mRNA

Question 4

How do transcription and translation differ in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 4

Transcription: Prokaryotes (bacteria) have one RNA polymer and occurs in the cytosol WHILE Eukaryotes have 3 different RNA Pol and occurs in the nucleus, mRNA is processed ( 5’ cap and poly A tail), remove introns
Translation: prokaryotes (bacteria) have Shine - Delgarno sequence, simultaneous transcript and translation, 70s ribosome fMet WHILE Eukaryotes have 80S ribosome, Met

Question 5

A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA

Answer 5

Mutation

Question 6

Structural similar to normal nuclei bases and can be incorporated during DNA replication.

Answer 6

Nucleoside Analogs

Question 7

Molecules slide between stacked nitrogeneous bases of the DNA double helix.

Answer 7

Intercalating agents

Question 8

Genes are transferred from one bacterium to another as “naked” DNA in solution

Answer 8

Transformation

Question 9

DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient via a bacteriophage.

Answer 9

Transduction

Question 10

Plasmids transferred from one bacterium to another

Answer 10

Conjugation

Question 11

Segment of DNA that can move from one region of DNA to another

Answer 11

Transposons

Question 12

The different types of mutations

Answer 12

Base substitution
Missense mutation
Nonsense mutation
Frameshift mutation

Question 13

What happens with an inducible operon and a repressible operon

Answer 13

Inducible operon: Structural genes are not transcribed unless an inducer is present
Repressible operon: Structural genes are transcribed until they are turned off