Chapter 10: Biochemistry of the Genome

Question 1

The study of genes, how they carry information, how information is expressed and how genes are replicated

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

The arrangement of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids based on hydrogen bonding

Answer 2

Base pairs

Question 3

The flow of genetic information from one generation to the next

Answer 3

Vertical gene transfer

Question 4

All the genetic information in a cell

Answer 4

Genome

Question 5

Molecular study of genomes

Answer 5

Genomics

Question 6

Segment of DNA that encodes functional product, usually protein

Answer 6

Gene

Question 7

Genetic makeup of an organism

Answer 7

Genotype

Question 8

Expression of genes

Answer 8

Phenotype

Question 9

Structures containing DNA that physically carry hereditary information, the chromosomes contain genes

Answer 9

Chromosome

Question 10

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer 10

Transfer of genes between cells of same generation

Question 11

General characteristics of DNA

Answer 11

Bases: A, C, T and G
Sugar is deoxyribose
Made up of nucleotides
Double stranded
Carrying and retaining hereditary information in a cell

Question 12

Different parts of a nucleotide

Answer 12

Sugar, Phosphate, and base

Question 13

How is RNA different from DNA ?

Answer 13

RNA is single-stranded, ribose, and uracil

Question 14

The different types of RNA and their function

Answer 14

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): integraI part of ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA): transports amino acid during protein synthesis
Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries coded information from DNA to ribosomes

Question 15

How are eukaryotic and prokaryotic chromosomes different

Answer 15

Eukaryotic chromosomes are found in the nucleus.They are diploid, linear and multiple chromosomes.
Prokaryotic chromosomes are found in the nucleoid. They are haploid, circular and one chromosome

Question 16

What are plasmids?

Answer 16

Self- replicating circular pieces of DNA
Not Chromosomal