Chapter 11 Language production Flashcards
syntactic priming
the tendency for the syntactic structure of a spoken or written sentence to correspond to that of a recently processed sentence
clause
part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb
phrase
a group of words expressing a single idea; it is smaller in scope than a clause
- Discourse markers:
spoken words and phrases that do not contribute directly to the content of what is being said but still serve various functions (e.g. clarification of the speaker´s intentions)
- Preformulation:
this is used in speech production to reduce processing costs by saying phrases often used previously
- Underspecification:
a strategy used to reduce processing costs in speech production by producing simplified expressions
spoonerism
a speech error in which the initial letter or letters of two words are switched
Freudian slip
a motivated error in speech (or action) that reveals the individual´s underlying thoughts and/or desires
speech-error effect
speech errors that are semantically and phonologically related to the intended word
morphenes
the smallest units of meaning within words
spreading activation
the notion that activation of a given node (often a word) in long-term memory leads to activation or energy spreading to other related nodes or words
lexical bias effect
the tendency for speech errors to consists of words rather than nonwords
aphasia
impaired language abilities as a result of brain damage
lemma
abstract words processing syntactic and semantic features but not phonological ones
lexicaliztation
the process of translating the meaning of the word into its sound representation during speech production
o Broca´s aphasia:
o Broca´s aphasia: a form of aphasia involving non-fluent speech and grammatical errors
o Wernicke´s aphasia:
o Wernicke´s aphasia: a form of aphasia, involving impaired comprehension and fluent speech with many content words missing
anomia,
which is a condition caused by brain damage in which there is an impaired ability to name objects.
o Agrammatism:
a condition in which speech production lacks grammatical structure and many function words and word endings are omitted; often also associated with comprehension difficulties
o Jargon aphasia:
a brain-damaged condition in which speech is reasonably correct grammatically but there are great problems in finding the right words
- Neologisms:
made-up words produced by individuals suffering from jargon aphasia
- a graphemic buffer
a store in which graphemic info about the individual letters in a word is held immediately before spelling a word
phonological dysgraphia
a condition caused by brain damage in which there is poor spelling or irregular words, reasonable spelling of regular words, and some success in spelling nonword
surface dysgraphia
a condition caused by brain damage in which there are semantic errors in spelling and nonwords are spelled incorrectly