Chapter 11 Identity

Question 1

The understanding that other people can see an object from a point of view that is different from one’s own

Answer 1

Visual perspective-taking

Question 2

An identity that is in direct opposition to an identity that parents or other adults would support

Answer 2

Negative identity

Question 3

A lack of interest in developing an identity

Answer 3

Identity diffusion

Question 4

Commitment to an identity without any exploration of possibilities

Answer 4

Identity foreclosure

Question 5

A time of exploration in search of identity, with no commitment made yet

Answer 5

Identity moratorium

Question 6

The choice of an identity following exploration of the possibilities

Answer 6

Identity achievement

Question 7

Rituals that publicly mark a change in status from child to adult

Answer 7

Rites of passage

Question 8

How people feel about characteristics they associate with themselves

Answer 8

Self-esteem

Question 9

The feelings you have about your own general self-worth

Answer 9

Global self-esteem

Question 10

Comparing one’s own performance or characteristics to those of other people

Answer 10

Social comparison

Question 11

School-based programs designed to boost students self-esteem, with the goal of eventually improving their academic performance

Answer 11

Self-esteem movement

Question 12

The characteristics one aspires to in the future

Answer 12

Ideal self

Question 13

The idea promoted by media images that is best for girls and women to be thin

Answer 13

Thin ideal

Question 14

Stage when children can identify gender but their concept of gender relies in external appearance

Answer 14

Gender identity

Question 15

Stage when children understand that their gender will remain stable over time, but aren’t sure that it wont change if they do activities usually performed by the other gender

Answer 15

Gender stability

Question 16

The stage at which children understand that one’s gender remains constant despite external changes

Answer 16

Gender constancy

Question 17

The idea that both sexes can have characteristics that are traditionally considered masculine and traditionally considered feminine

Answer 17

Androgyny

Question 18

An approach to gender identity development that is based on each individuals owns ideas of gender consistency and pressure

Answer 18

Gender self-socialization model

Question 19

Sexual attraction to same or opposite sex partners

Answer 19

Sexual orientation

Question 20

The sex assigned to an individual at birth based on physical characteristics

Answer 20

Natal gender

Question 21

Identification with a gender other than the one with which an individual was born

Answer 21

Transgender

Question 22

Someone who has or is planning to become the other sex, possibly but not always, including biological treatment to make this transition

Answer 22

Transexual

Question 23

Individuals who do not identify or conform to gender norms for either males or females

Answer 23

Gender nonconforming

Question 24

Individual who identify with their natal gender

Answer 24

Cisgender

Question 25

A diagnosis in the DSM-5 that is made when an individual is distressed about his or her preference to be different from his or her natal gender

Answer 25

Gender dysphoria

Question 26

A person’s attitudes toward the racial and ethnic groups to which they feel they belong

Answer 26

Ethnic and racial identity

Question 27

The understanding that appears between 8 and 10 years of age that race and ethnicity remain the same across time and different situations

Answer 27

Racial and ethnic constancy

Question 28

Understanding of right and wrong

Answer 28

Moral knowledge

Question 29

The way people reason about moral issues

Answer 29

Moral judgement

Question 30

The inability to consider issues on the basis of their mortality

Answer 30

Premoral

Question 31

Moral judgments based on the dictates of authority

Answer 31

Heteronomous morality

Question 32

The belief that unrelated events are automatic punishment for misdeeds

Answer 32

Immanent justice

Question 33

When children are aware of the rules and realize that they must adhere to them to maintain their interaction with others, rather than because an adult has told them what to do

Answer 33

Autonomous morality

Question 34

Moral judgment that is marked by self-interest and motivation based on rewards and punishments

Answer 34

Preconventional moral judgment

Question 35

Moral reasoning that moves beyond self-interest to take into account the good of others

Answer 35

Conventional moral judgment

Question 36

Moral judgment that move beyond society as the defining factor of what is moral or right and are based on universal principles that apply to all people

Answer 36

Postconventional moral judgment

Question 37

A theory of moral development based on three domains of social acknowledge- moral, social-conventional, and personal-with different ways of deciding what is moral in each of them

Answer 37

Social domain theory

Question 38

Actions that help and support other people

Answer 38

Prosocial behavior

Question 39

Actions that hurt other people, physically or emotionally

Answer 39

Antisocial behavior

Question 40

Educational programs that involve students in direct community service and also reflection about their experiences to learn from them

Answer 40

Service learning