Chapter 11: Health & Well-Being Flashcards
define health psychology
interrelations between thought/actions/behaviors & physical and mental health
define well being
positive state of life & satisfaction
describe the biopyschosocial model
health/illness result from psychological factors, biological characteristics, and social conditions
describe the tightness vs looseness spectrum
tight country = value/ adhere to norms (health guidelines)
loose country = doesn’t value these as much
Socioeconomic Status can affect what
health outcomes/ mortality
how are ways healthy eating promote wellness and prevent illness
eat natural foods, lots of “plants”, and a diet light on protein
define metabolic syndrome
caused by maladaptive eating and causes high blood sugar/ pressure, unhealthy cholesterol, insulin resistance
what are 2 things that affect maladaptive eating
portion size & food availability (eating when given)
3 effects of smoking
lung/ throat cancer, heart disease
_______ can enhance memory/ cognition through the creation of _______
exercise, new neurons
define stress
a response, typically unpleasant (ex anxiety)
what are the three types of stress?
major life stress, chronic stress, & daily hassles
describe major life stressors
can be chosen or not chosen, ex. having a baby
describe chronic stress
ongoing challenges usually linked to chronic illness, poverty, caregiving, etc
describe daily hassles
small, everyday annoyances or hassles (EX. boss was rude)
Describe the 5 steps of the HPA Axis
1- stressor occurs
2- hypothalamus sends message to pituitary gland
3- pituitary gland sends hormone via bloodstream to reach adrenal glands
4- adrenals secrete cortisol to allow body to quicky respond
5- cortisol eventually reaches hypothalamus through bloodstream & turns off the axis like a negative feedback loop
what is one effect of prolonged stress?
brain can become less sensitive to cortisol’s effects
what is general adaptation syndrome & what are the three stages?
consistent pattern of stress responses, alarm stage (fight-or-flight), resistance stage (preps for sustained defense, boost immunity), and exhaustion stage (systems start to fail)
Describe allostatic load
wear/tear of the bodies system after repeated stressful events (systems are less responsive)
How does stress alter the immune system?
stress turns off immune system right away to save energy for fight-or-flight
What are the 3 types of lymphocytes and their functions?
B cells- make antibodies
T cells- attack intruders/ assist
Natural killer cells- kill virus’ & tumors
_____ stress boosts immune system, ______ stress weakens immune system.
Short-term, chronic
Type A behavior pattern
can predict heart disease/ high bp & cholesterol. Traits are competitiveness, impatience, hostility, and aggression
T/F: stress can clog blood vessels.
true, stress can cause decreased blood flow which can create a clog in one vessel
Primary appraisal
deciding if the event is stressful
secondary appraisal
evaluate responses and choose coping strategy
Anticipatory coping
coping before the onset of a future stressor
5 types of coping
emotion focused coping, problem focused coping, positive reappraisal, downward comparison, creation of positive events
emotion focused coping
strategies to distract/ numb from pain (avoidance, distancing, drinking, overeating) short term, not a solution to problem
problem focused coping
direct steps to solve problems (alternative solutions, pros/cons) for moderate stressors
positive reappraisal
look for the good (silver-lining)
downward comparison
thinking of those who have it worse
creation of positive events
giving positive meaning to ordinary events
hardiness traits
committed to daily activities, view stress as a challenge/ opportunity, & to feel in control
T/F: positive attitudes, social support, relationships, and spirituality have no effect on physical/mental health or well-being.
False
